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題 名 | 黏質液與纖維素對提升山藥澱粉加工產率之影響=The Influence of Mucin and Cellulose on the Yield of Yam Starch |
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作 者 | 傅以中; 葉俊宏; 牟玉楨; 盧訓; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 3:3 2002.06[民91.06] |
頁 次 | 頁216-227 |
分類號 | 463.36 |
關鍵詞 | 山藥; 黏質液; 纖維質; 澱粉; 泡沫分離技術; Yam; Starch; Mucin; Cellulose; Bubble separation; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 山藥除含有大量的澱粉外,尚含有黏質液、膽鹼、尿囊素,皂甘等稀有物質,為機能性食品的絕佳材料。因其黏質物的存在使得澱粉分竑操作受到妨礙,也因為澱粉的不易分離使得山藥的加工受到限制。本實驗將分別使用各種物理以及化學皆離方法,以簡易而有效之步驟從山藥黏質液中分離澱粉,以提高澱粉之產率。物理分離方法包括使用靜置法以及泡沫分離技術。化學分離方法包括添加食鹽、添加蛋白質分解酵素、添加果膠或醣類分解酵素以及直接使用酸或用乳酸菌發酵產酸降低溶液pH值的方法以降低打漿液之黏度而達到澱粉與黏質液分離之目的。 實驗結果顯示使用泡沫分離技術可得到最大黏質液與澱粉分離的效果。黏質液的分離將可提升澱粉的產率達70%;利用綜合型醣類分解酵素Viscozyme L或Pectinex Ultra SP-L可同時水解山藥漿的黏質液及纖維質,將有效的降低黏質液的黏度,並水解纖維質使澱粉能是速通過篩網,所分離的澱粉不但產率高達94.4%而且純度也相當高。 |
英文摘要 | The tuber of yam is abundant of starch, proteins, mucni and minerals. It also contains choline, diosgenin and allantoin which are specially valuable and is a good nutrient source for human beings. It is difficult to separate yan starch from its tuber because the presence of the viscous mucin which is a carbohydrate moiety firmly associated with protein (glycopretein). Also because of large amount of starch, make the food processing of yam to receive its limit. This study is trying to utilize many physical and chemical separation methods to decrease the viscosity of yam macerated liquid solution and further separate starch and increase the yield of starch from its solution. The physical methods include sedimentation and bubble separation techniques. The chemical separation methods include usage of salt (NaCl), carbohydrases and proteolytic enzymes, adding HCl or lactic acid bacteria to reduce the pH value of yam macerated liquid solution. The results showed that the use of bubble separation technique can separate most of starch from its viscous macerated solution and promote the yield rate of starch to reach 70%. The large content of cellulose blocked the sieve (both 40 and 350 mesh sieve) so as to limit the starch passing through the sieve to get the higher yield. In order to depolymerize cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin to form smaller carbohydrate which can easily pass through the sieve, by adding 2% carbohydrases (such as Viscozyme L or Pecinex Ultra SP-L), the yield of starch reaches to 94.4% with very high purity. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。