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| 題 名 | 重金屬於其污染土壤之固相型態=Solid-Phase Forms of Heavy Metals in Their Pollutd Soils |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 初建; 王敏昭; | 書刊名 | 中國農業化學會誌 |
| 卷 期 | 37:1 1999.03[民88.03] |
| 頁 次 | 頁32-41 |
| 分類號 | 434.223 |
| 關鍵詞 | 重金屬; 型態; 生物有效性; 序列萃取; Heavy metals; Forms; Bioavailability; Sequential extraction; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 重金屬對環境的影響，與其在土壤環境中的固相型態有關。不同固相型態之重金 屬於土壤環境中與土壤溶液中水溶態重金屬之熱力學平衡互異，因而不同固相型態之 重金屬的生物毒性亦互異。本研究因此以序列萃取法，萃取及測定臺灣不同土類污染 土壤之重金屬型態，闡釋其型態分佈之意義性，進而評估其生物有效性及釋放趨勢。 選取臺灣地區六種重金屬污染農地之0∼20cm深度土樣。依序列萃取的方法，萃取及 測定污染土壤之重金屬型態。研究結果指出污染土壤中，同一種重金屬之不同型態的 分佈依土壤性質而異，同一土類之不同重金屬之不同型態的分佈亦不同。鎘的主要型 態為交換態與殘留態；鉛之主要型態為鐵、錳氧化物聯結態；銅的主要型態為有機物 聯結態；鋅、鎳及鉻於該等重金屬污染土壤中之主要型態為鐵、錳氧化物聯結態，而 在非該等重金屬污染之土壤，其主要型態為殘留態。重金屬於土壤環境中之固相鍵結 型態，尤其是在重金屬污染之土壤，與土壤性質及/或重金屬本身的化學行為有關。例 如，桃園縣觀音鄉大潭村之草漯系土壤為強酸性土壤，有機碳含量低，質地為砂質壤 土，造成該土壤有相當高量之水溶性及交換型態的鎘(15mg/kg)與鉛(543mg/kg)。 藉由重金屬於土壤中存在的固相型態，可以推測土壤之重金屬是來自於外來物之污 染，或是來自於土壤母質之風化。以0.1MHC1萃取得污染土壤之重金屬量，尤其是 鎘量，於不同土壤之間的變異相當大。 |
| 英文摘要 | The effect of heavy metals on environment is closely related to their solidphase phase forms in the soil environment. Thermodynamic equilibrium between various solid-phase forms of heavy metals and their respective soluble species in the soil solution of the soil environment are quite different. Accordingly, bioavailabilities of various solid-phase forms of heavy metals in the soil environment are also different. This study was thus conducted to determine the forms of heavy metals in polluted soils in Taiwan, to interpret the significance of the distributions of various forms of heavy metals and to then estimate their bioavailability and release tendency. Soils polluted by heavy metals were selected to taken from a depth of 0 ∼ 20 cm in farmlands in Taiwan. The forms of heavy metals in these polluted soils were subjected to extraction and determination using the procedure of sequential extraction. The results show that the distributions of various forms of any one kind of heavy metal among the polluted soils greatly depend on soil properties, and that the distributions of various forms of the heavy metals in any one polluted soil are also different. The maior solid-phase forms of cadmium are exchangeable and residual forms; those of zinc, nickel and chromium in polluted soils are the forms bound to Fe-Mn oxides, but in unpolluted soils they are residual form. The major solid-phase form of lead is a form bound to Fe-Mn oxides; that of copper is an organic form. The soild-phase forms of heavy metals in the soil environment, and especially in heavy metal polluted soils, depend on the soil properties and/or chemical behaviors of the heavy metals themselves. For example, a quite acidic soil (Tsaota series) from Tatan Village, Kuanyin Township, Taoyuan Prefecture, has low organic carbon content and the texture of sandy loam. This soil thus contains quite high amounts of water soluble and exchangeable cadmium (15 mg/ kg) and lead (543 mg/kg). It can be postulated that the heavy metals are from the amendment or from the weathering of soil parent materials via the existing forms of heavy metals in the soils. The variation of the amount of the same heavy metal, and of cadmium in particular, extractefd from various soils using 0.1 M HCL is quite great in the soils. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。