頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 夏季期間南菜北運處理技術之改進=Improvement in Postharvest Treatments of Summer Fruit Vegetables in Kaoping Area |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 韓青梅; | 書刊名 | 高雄區農業改良場研究彙報 |
| 卷 期 | 7:2 1996.06[民85.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁39-51 |
| 分類號 | 431.25 |
| 關鍵詞 | 苦瓜; 小胡瓜; 茄子; 豇豆; 採後處理; 夏季貯運; 乙烯吸收劑; Bitter gourd; Cucumber; Eggplant; Asparagus bean; Postharvest; Transportation in summer; Ethylene absorbent; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 本試驗之主要目的為進行苦瓜、小胡瓜、茄子、豇豆等果菜類於夏季期間,由南往北運,調查從採收、包裝、貯運等處理情形及到貨品質之變化,並比較紙箱內放置乙烯吸收劑對果菜品質之影響,以作為提供改進果菜採後處理及夏季貯運技術之依據。經兩年試驗結果得知:苦瓜、小胡瓜、茄子及豇豆,在夏季採收後經短距離(10Km)或短時間 (1hr)之貯運,或在定溫(20℃)下包裝處理後,以冷藏車(10℃)由南台灣運往台北超市,對到貨品質及耗損之影響,外觀幾無差異。然據調查傳統之南菜北運,在夏季高溫多雨期間之腐爛率(包括黃化、機械傷害、病虫害及腐爛等),苦瓜高達14.0~47.7%,小胡瓜為8~21%,茄子為5~35%,而以加冰包裝之豇豆最低(0~3%)。其中苦瓜、小胡瓜及茄子之腐爛率的高低,受採收前及採收時之天候影響甚鉅,陰雨將顯著增加果菜之腐爛;高溫將加速果菜之黃化。苦瓜、小胡瓜及茄子於包裝時,內置乙烯吸收劑,可減少失重,延緩軟化、黃化及老化,提高貯運後之到貨品質。為減少在夏季高溫多雨季節傳統之南菜北運之腐損,似應由下列幾點設法改進: (1)紙箱應在承受力許可之範圍內增加紙箱通氣孔,以利呼吸熱之散失。採收成熟度應力求一致,避免混雜高成熟度之果菜,以減少到貨之黃化比例。 (2)若待運之期間長,應盡可能在低溫下處理,或改變採收時間於下午進行,以縮短採收至運輸之時間。 (3)箱內放置乙烯吸收劑,以確保果菜之品質。 |
| 英文摘要 | The bitter gourd, cucumber, eggplant and asparagus bean are the important fruit vegetables in this district and were used as material in this experiment. Their qualities have always deteriorated when they reach the consumer market in Taipei due to the high temperature and humidity in summer. Through traditional channel, the vegetables were conveyed from Pingtung to Taipei by a vehicle without any cooling system installation,the damage rate including yellowing, mechanical injury, rotting and damage caused by diseases and insect pests, was 14~48% for bitter gourd, 8~12%for cucumber, 5~35% for eggplant and 0~3% for asparagus bean (packing with ice cube). The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of ethylene absorbent as a postharvest treatment on these vegetables. The experimental results from 1993 to 1994 indicated that the vegetable qualities in terms of lossing weight, hardness, smoothness and color, were not affected at all from the vegetable appearance, even after a long distance conveying, if they were packed at a constant room temperature of 20℃ and were transported immediately from Pingrung or Kaohsiung to Taipei by a cool storaged vehicle(10℃). The rot level of bitter gourd, cucumber and eggplant were significantly affected by the humidity, the higher the moisture content in the air, the more rot occurred. In addition, high temperature also accelerated the yellowing of the fruit vegetables. In order to decline weight loss, delay soft and yellowing of the vegetables, there was an attempt by adding ethylene absorbent inside the fiberboard box, and a positive result was found. For reducing damage of these vegetables caused by high temperature and rain fall before harvest,several recommendations are made as follows: 1)The fiberboard box should be punched as many pores as possible to disperse metabolic heat. 2)To select the same level of maturing fruit vegetables for harvest. 3)The better time for harvesting is in the afternoon, in order to shorten time from harvesting to loading. 4)To select good quality of fruit vegetables, and the ethylene abserbent should be put inside the fiberboard box during packing. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。