查詢結果分析
來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 甜玉米與毛豆有機栽培試驗= |
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作者 | 謝慶芳; 徐國男; |
期刊 | 臺中區農業改良場研究彙報 |
出版日期 | 19930600 |
卷期 | 39 1993.06[民82.06] |
頁次 | 頁29-39 |
分類號 | 430.13 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 禽畜糞堆肥; 土壤肥力; 甜玉米; 毛豆; 產量; 品質; Animal manure composts; Soil fertility; Sweet corn; Vegetable soybean; Yield; Quality; |
中文摘要 | 本試驗是在彰化縣大村鄉台中區農業改良場本場一處粘板岩沖積砂質 壤土進行。全部試驗6個處理,包括:1.化肥區,2.豬糞堆肥區,3.牛糞堆肥區, 4.雞糞堆肥區,5.雞牛糞堆肥區,6.雞豬糞堆肥區,按照逢機完全區集排列,重 複四次,每小區面積70m2。試驗結果摘要如下: 經過適當堆肥化的禽畜糞連續使用對土壤pH、有機質、有效磷、交換性鉀 和鎂、可萃取性錳、鋅、銅有增加效果,而土壤鹽分和可萃取性鐵則降低,表示 許多土壤肥力因素已經獲得明顯改善,但一些不太受歡迎的元素如交換性鈉和可 萃取性鎳和鉛略有增加。施用禽畜糞堆肥會阻礙作物對一些金屬元素的吸收,但 其影響因元素和作物種類而稍有不同,錳的吸收兩種作物都極顯著減少,而且引 起缺錳現象,至於鎳、鎘、鉛等的吸收則只有毛豆有顯著減少。作物種類不同對 有機農法之產量反應也不同,甜玉米之產量以豬糞堆肥和雞糞堆肥之效果較好, 其產量與化肥區相近,牛糞堆肥之效果則很差,產量顯著低於化肥區;毛豆則無 論豬糞、雞糞和牛糞堆肥之效果都很好,產量都有高於化肥區之傾向,尤以牛糞 堆肥之效果最好。從健康觀點而言,各有機農法區甜玉米和毛豆的品質都優於化 肥區,因為除未使用農藥而無農藥污染之虞外,有機甜玉米的磷含量較高,而有 機毛豆則鎳、鎘、鉛等有害元素的含量較低。將甜玉米栽培時間調整至冬季,可 以逃避玉米螟之為害,另一方面,在不噴施化學農藥的情形下栽培,一些天敵如 瓢虫、寄生蜂、小鳥等都會逐漸增加,可以抑制害虫的繁殖。 |
英文摘要 | This experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil of a slate alluvial soil in the farm of Taichung District Agricultural Improvement Station at Tatsuen, Changhua during Nov., 1991 to June 1992. The whole experiment consisted of 6 treatments arranged under randomized complete block design with 4 replications as follows: A. chemical fertilizers, B. hog manure compost, C. cattle manure compost, D. chicken manure compost, CD. cattle/chicken manure compost, BD. hog/chicken manure compost. The results are as follows: Continuous soil treatment with the properly composted animal manures helped increase soil pH, organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable K and Mg, and extractable Mn, Zn, and Cu, and decrease the soil salinity and extractable Fe. However, some unfavorable elements such as Na, Ni, and Pb were also slightly increased. Soil treatment with animal manure composts retarded the uptake of some metallic elements. However it was also different with elements and crops. In all organic plots, the uptake of Mn was very significantly decreased to cause Mn deficiency in both crops, and the uptake of Ni, Cd, and Pb was very significantly or significantly decreased only in vegetable soybean. The responses of crops to organic farming were different with crops: In sweet corn, hog manure compost and chicken manure compost were better than cattle manure compost, bacause the former two manure composts performed similarly higher yield as chemical plot, and the later one was significantly lower in yield than chemical plot. In vegetable soybean, the three animal manure compost plots all tended to be better than chemical plot in yield, and cattle manure compost was the best. From the view point of health, we can say that the quality of sweet corn and vegetable soybean from organic plots are better than from chemical plot, because organic plots have the advantages of no pesticide spray, higher content of phosphorus in sweet corn, and lower contents of unfavorable elements, such as Ni, Cd, and Pb in vegetable soybean. Adjustment of the seeding or planting time of corn to the winter season may evade the damage of corn borer, and farming without chemical pesticides may gradually promote the multiplication of some natural enemies such as lady bug, parasitic wasp, and little birds etc, to help control the injurious insects. |
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