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題名 | 囊叢枝菌根與重金屬對土耕大豆吸收磷與重金屬之影響 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 王銀波; 趙震慶; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 157 1992.03[民81.03] |
頁次 | 頁6-20 |
分類號 | 434.227 |
關鍵詞 | 土耕; 大豆; 吸收; 重金屬; 磷; 囊叢枝菌根; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 農地受重金屬污染時,重金屬、囊叢枝菌根菌(vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)及與菌共生之作物,三者間之交互作用,尚待瞭解。本報告將不同濃度之鎘、鎳、銅、鋅、鉛及鉻等六種重金屬,添加於二林系粘板岩沖積土,大里系砂頁岩沖積土及平鎮系紅壤等代表臺灣西部農地三大主要土類之土壤中,經乾濕交替三次,共平衡六週後,種植大豆,並接種VA菌根菌,觀測重金屬、囊叢枝菌根及作物三者間之交互作用。 結果顯示,大豆生質量隨重金屬施用量增加而減少,鉛之抑制力較弱,鉻(六價)、鎘之抑制力較強。接種囊叢枝菌根菌繁殖體,有助生質量及植體中磷含量之增加。大豆植體中重金屬含量隨重金屬施用量增加而遞增。重金屬在根部之濃度為地上部濃度之0.5倍至80倍,以鋅之比值較低,鉻與鉛之比值較高。使用囊叢枝菌根接種劑,能減少地上部重金屬濃度,此種稀釋效應,在酸性紅壤之平鎮系土壤中最為顯著。植體重金屬濃度,除施鉻處理係以粘板岩沖積土之二林系土壤較高外,其餘五種金屬,均以植於紅壤之平鎮系土壤上植株的重金屬濃度,高於粘板岩沖積土之二林系土壤與砂頁岩沖積土之大里系土壤上的植株濃度。後兩種土壤之間植株含重金屬濃度之高低,則視重金屬種類而異。三供試土壤所含重金屬,以0.1M鹽酸萃取時,三個試土施用相同濃度之同一重金屬萃取量之比值,遠低於種植在該三種土壤上大豆植株間所含該重金屬濃度之比值。在本研究所用之三種土壤中大豆吸收重金屬量似以土壤pH為最主要之影響因子。由上述研究結果顯示,於受重金屬污染地區之土壤,種植植物時,接種囊叢枝菌根繁殖體,可減輕重金屬對植物生長之毒害力。 |
英文摘要 | The interactions between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) and soybean in various levels of Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Cr amended soils, namely Erhlin Ioam soil (pH 7.8, slate alluvial soil), Tali Ioam soil (pH 6.5, sandstone-shale alluvial soil) and Pinchen clay Ioam Soil (pH 4.2, red soil) were studied. The effects of heavy metals with VAM on the biomass of soybean, the phosphate and heavy metals uptake by soybean plant were also studied. The results showed that the dry biomass and phosphate uptake of soybean, which was inoculated with VAM, increased significantly, while the concentrations of heavy metals in plant tissues decreased in all treatments. Among the six heavy metals used in the study, the treatments of Cr and Cd for dry biomass, and the treatment of Cr for the phosphate uptake by soybean were much more inhibited than the treatments of other heavy metals. The treatment of Pb was less inhibited than those of other heavy metals. The heavy metals contents in plant tissue of soybean increased with increasing the concentrations of heavy metals in soils. However, the heavy metal contents in plant tissue varied with the kinds of soils used. The heavy metal contents in plants were much higher in red soil culture than in the other two soil cultures. The concentrations of heavy metals in the roots were 0.5 time to 80 times higher than those in the above ground portions of soybean plants. The Cr had the highest and Zn had the lowest ratios in concentrations of heavy metals in roots to those in the above ground portions of soybean. The relative ratios of the amoungs of heavy metals extracted from the three tested soils previously amended with same concentrition of individual heavy metals by 0.1 M HCl, were much lower than those of the amounts of heavy metals in soybean plant tissue. The results also showed that soils with lower pH increased the toxicity of Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni to the soybean biomass and the heavy metals contents in plant tissue. The data thus indicated that plants inoculated with VA mycorrhizae, and planted in soils of polluted by heavy metals may decrease the toxicity of heavy metals. |
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