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題名 | 臺灣地區畜產品衛生安全性之研究(第七報):牛乳中大腸菌群之研究 |
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作者 | 曾弘智; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 108 1979.12[民68.12] |
頁次 | 頁74-86 |
關鍵詞 | 大腸菌群; 牛乳; 畜產品; 臺灣地區; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究係以最確數法(most probable number test, MPN test)探討乳汁中大腸菌含量,及其污染或再污染途徑,並以IMViC test 分類鑑定各大腸菌群所歸屬之菌種與性狀,俾供改進牛乳品質之參考。結果顯示: 不論生乳(raw milk)或殺菌鮮乳(pasteurized milk)中之大腸菌群皆係經污染(contamination)或再污染(recontamination)所致。 生乳中污染大腸菌群之途徑包括榨乳、濾乳、盛乳容器以及其他接觸乳汁之器具等,而其所屬菌種有Esherichia coli 與Klebsiella pneumoniae;至於殺菌乳中再污染途徑分別來自輸乳管、冷卻、裝瓶封蓋以及玻璃乳瓶等等,所含菌種則仍以Esherichia coli最多。 台北市市售14種鮮乳與32種調味乳中,各有17.43與58.06%污染有大腸菌群,含量平均分別為34.79個/毫升以及25.15個/毫升,均不符合本國乳業法規與國家標準。其所含菌種計有Esherichia coli (Variety I and II)、Klebsiella pneumoniae、Aerobacter cloacae、Citrobacter diversus、Escherichia freundii,與Aerobacter aerogenes (Variety I)等等,而以Aerobacter cloacae最多,E. coli次之。 三種不同包裝型式之市乳中,以利樂包裝(tetra-pak)品質最佳,污染大腸菌群者僅7.69%且只有E. coli I 種菌種;玻璃乳瓶次之;而以紙盒包裝(pure-pak)最差,污染率達87.50%,污染有E. coli等7種大腸菌群。 |
英文摘要 | For the studying of the counts, sources of contamination or recontamination, as well as the species of coliform organisms in milk, this research was conducted with the application of the MPN test and the differentiation test of typical IMViC, to serve as references for improving the quality control of milk. The results were summarized as follows: The coliform organisms in raw milk may be contaminated by milk pail, strainer, bulk milk tank and storage tank, and in pasteurized milk, milk pipeline, chilling apparatus, filler as well as milk packaging materials were the sources of contamination. There were two species of coliforms, Esherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in raw milk, but the E. coli was the predominent one in pasteurized milk. The average counts of coliform organisms in 14 retail pasteurized milk and 32 flavored milk were 34.79 and 25.15 no./ml, respectively; over 50% of the samples of both failed to meet the specifications. As regards the species of coliforms, there were E. coli (Variety I and II), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aerobacter cloacae, Citrobacter diversus, E. freundii as well as Aerobacter aerogenes (Variety I), among which, the Aerobacter cloacae was the most predominent. Glass bottle, tetra-pak and pure-pak were the three different packaging materials used for retail milk. Among them, the sample of tetra-pak was the best to keep free from coliforms, and pure-pak was the worst. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。