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題名 | 交通隧道內氣流及污染物擴散傳輸之三維模擬分析=Investigations of Three Dimensional Air Flow and Pollutants Dispersion in a Traffic Tunnel |
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作者 | 仲崇毅; 鍾佩伶; 李崇垓; 陳康興; | 書刊名 | 大仁學報 |
卷期 | 24 2003.12[民92.12] |
頁次 | 頁49-60 |
分類號 | 445.981 |
關鍵詞 | 三維數值模式; 有限元素法; 車行活塞效應; 空氣污染物; Three-dimension numerical model; Finite volume method; Piston effect of vehicles; Air pollutants; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究藉由空氣動力學的分析,考慮紊流作用效應,探討隧道控制體積內氣流之三維流動型態與空氣污染物擴散現象。應用有限元素法建構交通隧道三維數值模式,將車輛污染物排放視為隧道地面之線污染源,利用標準κ-ε紊流模式推估隧道內紊流影響,模擬分析交通隧道內通風效應及氣態污染物擴散分佈,探討噴流風扇及車行活塞效應對隧道內氣流之影響以及對氣態污染物之稀釋效率,並分析隧道內污染物之空間分佈特性。本研究同時亦進行隧道現場調查與空氣污染物採樣分析,建構之三維模擬模式將可提供隧道規劃設計及評估隧道內空氣品質之參考依據。 研究結果顯示隧道內污染物受到車行活塞效應及風扇作用而向下風處傳送累積增加,車輛行駛作用約可將增加6%~20%之風速,而風扇啟動時,隧道內平均風速約為無風扇時之1.7~2.7倍。車行活塞作用對污染物之稀釋率約為12%~23%;風扇作用對污染物之稀釋能力約為37%~74%。隧道污染濃度呈現向下風處逐漸累積且呈現分層現象,斷面上出現明顯的濃度梯度。 |
英文摘要 | Three-dimensional modeling on the aerodynamics of airflow and diffusion of air pollutants in a traffic tunnel were carried out. The model takes ventilation fans, traffic flow rate, speed, emission factor and piston effect of moving vehicles into consideration. Turbulent flow and dispersion of gaseous pollutants in road tunnels were solved numerically using the finite volume method. Traffic emissions were accordingly modeled as banded the sources along the tunnel floor. The effects of fan ventilation, roughness and piston effect of moving vehicles on the air flow and pollutant dilution are examined. Case study was conducted on the Cross-Harbor Tunnel in which on-site measurements of traffic flow were also conducted concurrently to provide traffic emission data to the tunnel environment for numerical simulation and comparisons. The results show that the major emission sources of CO are passenger cars and motorcycles, while major emission sources of NOx are trucks. Pollutants convect downstream with the wind generated either by longitudinal ventilation fans and/or moving vehicles, thus causing increasing pollutants concentrations with increasing downstream distance. The piston effect of moving vehicle alone can provide 6%~20% increase of wind speed in Cross-Harbor Tunnel. When all fans are on, showing 1.7~2.7 times increases in this Tunnel. The piston effect of moving vehicle alone can provide 12%~23% dilutions of air pollutants. The piston effect of moving vehicles is compounded with ventilation fans, showing a 37%~74% dilution effects. |
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