頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 兩種鉀肥對於鳳梨產量及品質之影響=Comparison of Two Potassium Salts as Regards Their Effects on Yield and Qualtiy of Pineapple Fruits |
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作者姓名(中文) | 蘇楠榮; 李嘉鴻; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 39 民51.09 |
頁次 | 頁31-42 |
關鍵詞 | 鉀肥; 鳳梨; 產量; 品質; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
英文摘要 | 1. A study on the comparative effects of two potassium salts on the yield and quality of pineapple fruits was conducted for the second time, at Tou-Liu Pineapple Experiment Station. The experiment was of quadruplicated split plot design with 3 levels of potash, i.e. K0, K1 and K2, arranged in whole plots, and 2 sources of K, i.e. sulfate and chloride, in the subplots. The amounts of K2O applied were: K0 none; K1, 10 g. per plant for plant crop and 3.33 g. per sucker for ratoon; K2, twice those of K1. Rates of N and P2O5 were fixed at 16 g. and 3.2g. for plant crop, and 6.66g. and none for ratoon crop respectively. 2. The fruitage of plant crop was high and similar for all treatments, ranging between 99.4 and 100%, although the fruits in sulfate plots matured earlier than those in the chloride and K0 plots; the date of half number maturity was advanced by 3.6 days and 6.3 days, with light and heavy levels, respectively. The effects was statistically very significant. 3. The total ratoon fruitage exceeded the plant fruitage in all treatments, with a general mean of 123%. While the figures for both levels of sulfate and the light level of chloride were higher than that for K0, there was a slight drop of fruitage with high level of potassium chloride. Further, the chloride tended to retard the fruit bearing of ratoon crop, thus suppressing the ratoon summer fruitage to below the figures for other treatments, and heaving the ratoon fall-winter fruitage to above the latters. 4. The effect of potassium fertilizers in increasing the fruit yield was highly significant in both plant and ratoon crops; it was particularly great in the ratoon crop. Under the conditions of this experiment, K1 was the economical limit, and no futher increase in yield was obtained by uplifting the potassium level. The yield was very significantly higher with the sulfate form than with the chloride form. Based on the optimum rate, K1, application of potassium sulfate brought about yield increments per hectare of 4.43 and 11.42 tons (metric) in the plant and ratoon crops,respectively, meaning, a total increase of 15.85 tons, or 13.4%, while in the case of potassium chloride, the corresponding figures were 1.84 and 8.52 tons per hectare for the individual crops and a total of 10.36 tons, or 8.7%. With the current price standards, the net profit from application of potash will be NT$6,050 higher for sulfate form than for chloride form. 5. In the plant crop, the percentage of "flesh-sound" fruit, an accepted high quality fruit, was increased by the application of potassium sulfate, but decreased by the application of potassium chloride, the difference in effect between the two sources of potash being very significant. In the ratoon crop, however, both sources of potash were very effective in increasing the percentage of this fruit, although the effect was still significantly higher with the sulfate form. 6. The mean weight of fruits was increased by the addition of potash; the effect was highly significant for the plant crop, and still more marked for the ratoon crop. There was no increase of fruit weight from K1 to K2 levels, and in the ratoon crop, the K2 level tended to give sligntly smaller fruit than did the K1 level. 7. According to the analysis of basal tissue from semi-mature leaves, the total K concentration in non-potash plants was very much lower than that in potassium supplied plants, and the concentration declined rapidly with the progress in stage of growth. Plants in K1 plots was able to maintain leaf K percentage above the prestudied critical K level during the large part of grand growth period, and was, therefore, sufficietly supplied with potash; this may be the explanation for the failure of K2 plots in giving higher yield over K1 plots. Further, the application of potash tended to decrease the concentration of total N and total P in leaves. There was no consistent difference in the effect of potash on the total N, P and K concentrations between the two sources, although the potassium chloride caused the fading of leaf green color to a greater degree than the sulfate form. 8. The important points proved in this experiment are all in accordance with the results obtained in the previous experiment. Therefore, the fact that sulfate form is the more effective and profitable source of potash, in the pineapple culture, than the chloride form is established. |
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