頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 鳳梨除冠芽對於品質及產量之影響=The Influence of Removing the Crowns on the Quality and Yield of Pineapple |
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作 者 | 黃榮瑞; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 62 民57.06 |
頁 次 | 頁48-62 |
關鍵詞 | 鳳梨; 冠芽; 品質; 產量; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | (一)本試驗鳳梨於52年9月栽植,分為3種除去冠芽方法,並設除去冠芽後有遮蔭及無遮蔭2種。共6種處理,重複4次,完全隨機區組設計,至54年4月,?鳳梨整個果實花謝後10日至15日施行除去冠芽,又5月上旬利用鳳梨葉片梱束於果實上面遮蔭防曝,6種處理如下:A. 除去整個冠芽無遮蔭。B. 除去整個冠芽有遮蔭。C. 除去冠芽心部無遮蔭。D. 除去冠芽心部有遮蔭。E. 不除去冠芽亦不遮蔭。F.不除冠芽有遮蔭。 (二)果長:不除冠芽區(E及F)之果實最長,依次為16.85公分及16.75公分。除冠芽心部區(C及D)次之,依次為16.63公分及16.60公分。除冠芽區(A及B)最短,依次為15.93公分及15.98公分。 (三) 果實橫徑:果實上部與下部橫徑之差異以不除冠芽區(E及F)較大,為0.58公分,?下部徑大,上部徑小,致果實成圓椎形。除冠芽區(A及B)與除冠芽心部區(C及D)其果實上下部橫徑之差異較小,為0.17公分,致果實多呈圓筒形。 (四)果目:果目數在各處理間無甚差異,但果目長度與寬度各處理間有顯著不同,以不除冠芽區(E及F)之果目較長,為3.3公分,而果目寬度則較小,為2.1公分。 (五)果實大小:一等品果實最大,其果實直徑在13公分ˇ以上。一等品果實所佔%以除冠芽心部區(C及D)最高,依次為39.5%及46.45%。不除冠芽區(E及F)次之,依次為30.0%及41.67%。除冠芽區(A及B)最低,依次為32.79%及36.36%,在上述各處理中有遮蔭區(B, D, F) 之一等品果實%均比無遮蔭區( A, C, E) 者為高。 (六)果實日燒:凡無遮蔭區( A, C, E) 其日燒果%較高,依次為45.27%,20.74%及11.04%,有遮蔭區(B, D, F)其日燒果%較低,依次為7.37%,2.23%及1.09%。日燒發生之位置97%位於果實頂部。日燒之嚴重者並有裂果現象,亦以無遮蔭區( A, C, E) 裂果發生較多,在日燒果中其裂果%依次為55.82%,34.33%及18.97%。 (七)果實品質:鳳梨之品質以果肉深黃色,糖度含量高而酸度含量低者為佳。果肉深黃色果之%以除冠芽區(A及B)最高,依次為65%及45%。除冠芽心部區(C及D)次之,依次為60%及40%。不除冠芽區(E及F)較低,均為35%。如以有遮蔭區(B, D, F)與無遮蔭區( A, C, E)比較,後者之深黃色果肉果實%均較前者為高。至於糖度含量亦以除冠芽區與除冠芽心部區較高,而枸機酸含量%則反是。 (八)產量:各處理之產量(640株之產量) 以除冠芽心部區(C及D)最高,依次為932.9公斤及961.4公斤。其次為除冠芽區(A及B),依次為852.9公斤及891.1公斤。不除冠芽區(E及F)產量最低,依次為767.1公斤及850.7公斤。如以有遮蔭區(B, D, F)與無遮蔭區( A, C, E)比較,則前者之產量均較後者為高。 (九)果實製罐率:各處理之製罐率(整片3號罐)以除冠芽心部區(C及D)最高,依次為94%及95.74%,不除冠芽區(E及F)次之,依次為89.47%及90.91%。除冠芽區(A及B)最低,依次為79.31%及89.47%。在上述各處理中有遮蔭者(B, D, F)均比無遮蔭者( A, C, E)製罐率高,此乃因為後者日燒果較多之故。 |
英文摘要 | This experiment has been carried out since 1963. There were six treatments such as (A) Crown-removed and non-shade, (B) Crown-removed and shade with pineapple leaves. (C) Crown-center-removed and non-shade, (D) Crown-center-removed and shade with pineapple leaves, (E) Crown-remained and non-shade, (F) Crown-remained and shade with pineapple. Randomized block design was used and the treatments were duplicated 4 times. The plant materials of pineapple were planted in September 1963. All the crowns were removed at 10~15 days after blooming in April 1965, except treatment (E) and (F) which were used as checks. The results of this experiment may be summarized as follows. 1. The length of fruit: The crown-remained treatments (E and F) gave the longest fruit length. They were 16.85 cm. and 16.75 cm. respectively. The crown-center-removed treatments (C and D) gave longer fruit length, 16.33 cm. and 16.60 cm. respectively. The crown-removed treatments (A and B) gave the shortest fruit length, 15.93 cm. and 15.98 cm, respectively. 2. The diameter of fruit: The diameter of upper part of fruit was usually smaller than that of the lower part of fruit. The crown-remained treatments (E and F) gave the bigger difference (0.58 cm.) between the two diameters, so most of the fruit of treatment E and F appeared cone shape (poor shape). While the crown-remained treatments (A and B) and crown-center-removed treatments (C and D) gave smaller difference (0.17 cm.) between the two diameters, so most of their fruits formed a cylindrical shape. 3. The number of fruit eyes: There was no obvious difference among these treatments, but the crown-remained treatments (E and F) gave the longer length (all 3.3cm.) of fruit eyes, and the narrower width (all 2.1cm.) of fruit eyes. 4. The size of fruit: The big fruit is the 1st grade fruit which its diameter is more than 13 cm. The crown-center-removed treatments (C and D) gave the highest percentages of 1st grade fruit. They were 39.5% and 46.45% respectively. The crown-remained treatments (E and F) gave highest percentages, 30% and 41.67% respectively. The crown-removed treatments (A and B) gave the lowest percentages 32.79% and 36.36% respectively. As comparing the shaded and non-shaded treatments, the percentages of 1st grade fruit of the former (B, D, F) were all higher than that of the latter (A, C, E). 5. Fruit sun burn: The non-shaded treatments (A, C, E) gave higher percentages of sun burn fruit. They were 45.27%, 20.74% and 11.04% respectively. On the contrary, the shaded treatments (B, D, F) gave lowest percentages of sun burn fruit, 7.37%, 2.23% and 1.09% respectively. About 97% of sun burn was occurred on the top of the non-shaded fruit. The serious sun burn fruits ofter accompanied with cracks. On the sun burn fruit basis, the non-shaded treatments (A, C, E) also gave higher percentages of crack fruit. They were 55.82%, 34.33% and 18.97% respectively. 6. The quality of fruit: The best quality of pineapple fruit should be deep yellow flesh with high sugar content and low acid. The crown-removed treatments (A and B) gave the highest percentages of deep yellow flesh fruit. They were 65% and 45% respectively. The crown-center-removed treatments (C and D) gave (E and F) gave the lowest percentrespectively. The crown-remained treatments higher percentages, 60% and 40% ages. They were all 35%. As for the sugar content, it was higher in the crownremoved and crown-center-removed treatments. With the fruit acid the reverse happened. 7. The fruit yield: The crown-center-removed treatments (C and D) gave the highest yields (yield of 640 plants). They were 932.9 kg. and 961.4 kg. respectively. The crown-removed treatments (A and B) gave higher yield, 852.9 kg and 891.1kg. respectively. The crown remained treatments (E and F) gave the lowest yields, 767.1 kg and 850.7kg. respectively. As comparing the shaded treatment (B, D, F) and the non-shaded treatments (A, C, E) the yields of former were higher than that of the latter. 8. The cannign ratio: The No. 3 can was used to fill the whole slices as standard. The crown-center-removed treatments (C and D) gave the highest canning ratio. They were 94% and 95.74% respectively. The crown-removed treatments (A and B) gave higher canning ratio, 89.47% and 90.91% respectively. The crown-remained treatments (E and F) gave the lowest canning ratio, 79.31% and 89.47% respectively. Because of sun burn, the non-shaded treatments (A, C, E) gave lower canning ratio than the shaded treatments(B, D, F). |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。