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題名 | Monilinia fructicola引起之桃褐腐病及其生理特性=Monilinia Fructicola, the Causal Agent of Peach Brown Rot, and Its Physiological Characteristics |
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作者 | 柯勇; 孫守恭; 潘瓊美; 吳雯雅; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
卷期 | 41:1 1999.03[民88.03] |
頁次 | 頁43-58 |
分類號 | 435.324 |
關鍵詞 | 桃褐腐病菌; 生理特性; Peach brown rot; Monilinia fructicola; Physiological characteristics; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 近年本省中部桃栽培區,發生嚴重褐腐病(peach brown rot),從不同品種之桃果進行病原菌之分離、培養,常發現到Monilinia fructicola之存在。以不同品種桃之摘離果進行接種試驗,無論以M.fructicola的培養菌絲塊或孢子懸浮液進行傷痍接種,都可形成典型的褐腐病病徵,證實M.fructicola為引起桃褐腐病之病原菌。被害的果實表面最初出現褐色、圓型小病斑,遇適宜環境,病斑在數日內可擴及全果,病斑表面出現灰褐色菌絲形成之分生孢子層,在病果上常呈同心輪紋狀排列。M.fructicola分生孢子無色,檸檬型或卵圓型,大小為9.5-16.0 × 7.5-13.5 μ m,分生孢子梗較短。病原菌在馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂、Czapek's瓊脂及燕麥粉瓊脂等3種培養基上菌絲生長良好,而適合菌絲生長之溫度介於20-28 ℃之間,最適為24 ℃。在8-16 ℃之產孢量均極高,尤其在16 ℃培養第8天之產孢量約2.34 × 10�蔬茪壎迒U子/ml。適合分生孢子發芽之溫度在20-28 ℃,但以24-28 ℃時發芽率最高,平均可達87%。光照對產孢有抑制作用,但光照對分生孢子之發芽率則沒有影響,於24 ℃,不照光情況下培養第15天後之產孢量達最高,約2.25 × 10�穩茪壎迒U子/ml。菌絲生長可忍耐之pH值範圍極廣介於pH 4.0-9.5,但以pH 5.0左右之生長最佳。於水分潛勢從-1 bar到-60 bars範圍內,菌絲生長和分生孢子之發芽率,均隨水分潛勢之降低而減少。在營養需求方面,以蛋白�麭怞n,酪蛋白及組氨酸次之;而碳素源中則以果糖、葡萄糖及蔗糖最優。查閱本省文獻資料顯示由M.fructicola引起之桃褐腐病為本省之新病害。 |
英文摘要 | A brown rot of peach fruits has frequently been found in peach growing area in central part of Taiwan. Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey is always found from the diseased peach fruits and pure cultures were isolated from diseased peach fruit. Inoculation of detached fruits with fungus isolated from diseased fruits showed typical symptoms of brown rot which indicated that M. fructicola was the causal agent. First symptoms appeared as small circular, brown spots on infected fruit surface, which spread rapidly in all direction. Under humid condition and diseased lesion was sooner or later covered with ash-colored tufts of mycelia, which break through the fruit epidermis and are arranged in concentric rings on the fruit surface. Conidia are hyaline, ovoid or lemonshaped, 9.5-16.0 × 7.5-13.5 μ m. The effect of temperature, light, kinds of media, pH, water potential, nitrogen and carbon sources on mycelial growth of M. fructicola were studied in vitro, as well as the influence of temperature, light and water potential on conidial germination. Mycelial growth was most rapid on potato dextrose agar, Czapek's-Dox agar and oatmeal agar culture after 4 days incubation. The suitable temperature for mycelial growth were 20-28 ℃ with the maximum at 24 ℃. Lower temperature (8-16 ℃ ) supported conidial formation with maximum sporulation at 16 ℃. There was 2.34 × 10�� conidia/ml 8 days after incubation at 16 ℃. The optimum temperature for conidial germination was 20-28 ℃. Light inhibited conidial formation, while continuous darkness enhances the production of conidia, approximately 2.25 × 10�� conidia/ml could be harvested from 15 day-old PDA culture under dark. Light did not affect conidial germination. The fungus had a wide toleration of acidity and alkalinity in culture. The pH range for mycelial growth was 4.0-9.5 with the optimum at 5.0. Conidial germination and mycelial growth declined as water potential reduced from -1 to -60 bars. The best sources of nitrogen and carbon for the growth of M.fructicola were peptone, casein, histidine and fructose, glucose, sucrose respectively. Literatures reveal that the peach brown rot disease is a new record in Taiwan. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。