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頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 收成季節與青貯處理對稻稈成分和瘤胃分解率的影響=Effects of Cropping Season and Ensiling on Chemical Composition and Ruminal Degradability of Rice Straws |
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作 者 | 楊价民; 林育安; 鄭永祥; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 186 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁 次 | 頁15-29 |
分類號 | 437.11 |
關鍵詞 | 稻稈; 瘤胃; 分解率; 收成季節; 青貯; Rice straw; Rumen; Degradability; Cropping season; Ensiling; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本試驗的目的在於探討收成季節與賣貯處理對稻桿成分與瘤胃分解特性的影響。 稻桿在宜蘭縣約二個田間連續收集二個年度;夏收稻桿在七月上旬收成,冬收稻桿在十二月 間收成。稻桿在稻穀收成之後,立即青貯。夏收稻桿乾物質 (DM) 中的粗蛋白質 (CP, 6.4 vs. 3.9%) 和酸洗木質素 (ADL, 8.8 vs 5.3%) 含量比冬收稻桿高 (P<0.05), , 而有機物質 (OM, 87.1 vs. 88.0%) 和酸不溶解灰分 (AIA, 4.5 vs. 7.2%) 較低 (P<0.05);中洗纖維 (NDF, 71.9 vs. 72.0%)、酸洗纖維 (ADF, 48.2 vs. 48.0%)、和纖維 素 (CE, 34.9 vs. 35.4%) 的含量則沒有顯著差異。 青貯前的稻桿水分含量約為 70.6% , 在青貯四週後,稻桿的 pH 約由賣貯前的 6.1 下降到青貯後的 5.2(P<0.05)。 青貯過程使 稻桿的 DM、OM 和細胞內容物的含量減少 (P<0.05),而 NDF、ADF 和 ADL 含量增加 (P<0.05);其他的稻桿成分沒有因為青貯而明顯改變。 將稻桿置於尼龍袋內, 放入荷蘭閹公牛的瘤胃中與微生物培養 0 至 72 小時,尼龍袋 內的稻桿隨著培養時間的增長而消失。 稻桿的 DM 消失百分比有收成季節與青貯的效應 (P<0.05),夏收稻桿與其青貯料的 DM 消失百分比在每個時間點均高於冬收稻桿與其青貯料 的 (P<0.05); 除了培養時間 72 小時之外,青貯處理使稻桿的 DM 消失百分比降低 (P<0.05)。 在 NDF 消失百分比方面,則只有收成季節效應 (P<0.05);而在 ADF 消失百分 比,此效應只有當培養時間是在 24 小時以上。根據培養時間和消失的百分比估計,夏收稻 桿緩慢可分解 DM(3.5 vs 2.8%h) 和 ADF(4.2 vs 3.3%h) 的分解速率快於冬收稻桿的 (P<0.01)。 青貯後, 稻桿的緩慢可分解 ADF 增加 (P<0.05),緩慢可分解 DM-NDF 和 ADF 的分解速率減慢 (P<0.01)。 由瘤胃的分解動力數值與通過速率估計,瘤胃的有效分解率以 夏收稻桿與其青貯料的較高 (P<0.01),青貯降低稻桿 DM 的有效分解率 (P<0.05),但是對 稻桿的主要成分 NDF 和 ADF 的分解則沒有顯著的影響。由試驗的結果可以看出,夏收稻桿 及其青貯料的瘤胃分解優於冬收稻桿的, 可能是因為夏收稻桿的 CP 較高,而 AIA 較低。 由於人為的田間管理措施一致,夏收稻桿和冬收稻桿在化學組成上的差異,可能與氣候有關 。根據稻桿收集期間的氣象資料,同平均氣溫和光照時數在夏收稻桿的成長期間增加,而這 這種變化在冬 |
英文摘要 | Rice straws of summer and winter crops were collected from two paddies for two consecutive years and preserved as silage immediately after grain harvesting. Straws from summer crops (SC) contained more (P< 0.05) crude protein (CP, 6.4 vs. 3.9%) and acid detergent lignin (ADL, 8.8 vs. 5.3%), and less (P< 0.05) organic matter (OM, 87.1 vs. 88.0%) and acid-insoluble ash (AIA, 4.5 vs. 7.2%) than those of straws from winter crops (WC) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The original straws contained approximately 70.6% moisture. After 4 weeks of ensiling, straw pH reduced (P< 0.01) to 5.2. Straws from both cropping seasons contained less (P< 0.05) DM, OM, and cell contents, and more (P< 0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ADL after ensiling. When straws were weighed into nylon bags and incubated in the rumen from 0 to 72 h, SC straws and silages had greater (P < 0.05) disappearance percentage of DM, NDF, and ADF than WC straws and silages. Ensiling reduced (P< 0.05) DM disappearance of straws but not at 72 h. Disappearances of NDF and ADF were not influenced by ensiling. Estimates based on in situ disappearance percentages and incubation times indicated that SC straws and silages had faster (P < 0.05) DM and ADF degradation rates than WC straws and silages. The slowly degraded fraction of ADF increased after ensiling, but degradation rates of DM, NDF, and ADF decreased (P< 0.05), From the results, SC straws and their silages had better ruminal degradation characteristics than WC straws, possibly because SC contained higher CP and lower AIA. Because straws were collected from the same fields with similar management practices, differences between SC and WC straws in chemical composition may be related to climatic variations. Meteorological records showed that monthly average air temperature and light hours increased as rice plants of SC grew. These weather trends were opposite during growing periods of WC straws. Based on ruminal effective degradability, SC straws and silages may have a higher inclusion rate in diets for ruminants than WC straws and silages. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。