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題 名 | What Criminologists Can Learn from the Marxian and Weberian Perspectives of Class=犯罪學家可從馬克思主義與韋伯學派的社會階級概念中學到甚麼﹖ |
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作 者 | 林正弘; | 書刊名 | 警學叢刊 |
卷 期 | 29:5=123 1999.03[民88.03] |
頁 次 | 頁117-130 |
分類號 | 548.5 |
關鍵詞 | 社會階級; 馬克思主義; 韋伯學派; 生產動能; 地位; 結社; Social class; Marxism; Weberian; Forces of production; Status; Party; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 當被問到自己屬於社會中那一階級時,相信絕大部分人會將自己歸類於中產階級 ,如果社會中的成員都屬於同一社會階級時,「社會階級」這個概念在社會科學研究上就失 去作用,因為它已不再是一個變項( Variable )。儘管一般人容易將本身歸屬於中產階級 ,但這並不代表「社會階級」在我們的社會中已不存在或此概念已無探討的價值。其實在日 常生活中大家都可輕易察覺屬於不同社會階級的成員所接受的教育品質可能有異、所能選擇 的職業項目也許不同、甚至生病時所接受的醫療照顧或犯罪時來自刑事司法系統的待遇也可 能有極大差別。 在犯罪學研究領域中,犯罪與社會階級是否相關的主題一直被爭論不休,然而爭論之重點大 都圍繞在如何測量犯罪率或犯罪行為上,似乎把社會階級這一概念過於簡化而疏於探討。本 文對於當代兩大社會思想學派對於社會階級的觀點作一比較與分析,期待對於犯罪研究者在 研究與此概念相關之主題時有所助益。 |
英文摘要 | Traditional criminologists usually believe that the relationship between officially recorded crime and social class is inverse; that is, as social class becomes higher, the volume of crime commission decreases proportionately. However, after the methodology of self-reported criminal and deviant behaviors were frequently used in crime studies, more and more related empirical evidence shows that there is no significant relationship between social class and crime. Some researchers even call for the denials of class as a cause of crime. Nevertheless, other criminologists argue that the simple omission of class from the study of crime would impoverish criminology. Thus the debate of this subject remains unsolved. Methodologically, the causes of the current contradictory evidence may be twofold: the different methods of measuring crime and the different measures of social class. Unfortunately, criminologists usually focus on the first part of this problem and pay little attention to exploring the conception of social class. They tend to assume that there is a high degree of consensus of the meaning of social class and commonly use a status attainment model or socioeconomic index as a measure of this variable. These two measures are said to merely be concerned with one dimension of social class. Few criminologists ever examined this concept in more detail based on the major theories of social class. In effect, without a proper set of conceptual tools the validity of analyses would be difficult to verify. This paper intends to analyze the Marxian and Weberian perspectives of class and identify different dimensions of the concept of social class and then argues that those dimensions are important in understanding the relationship between crime and social class. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。