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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 植物真菌病原之初期侵染行為=The Early Stages of Infection Behavior in Plant Pathogenic Fungi |
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作者 | 郭克忠; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
卷期 | 40:1 1998.03[民87.03] |
頁次 | 頁1-23 |
分類號 | 373.9 |
關鍵詞 | 植物病原真菌; 尖端生長; 附著器形成; 病害啟始; Plant pathogenic fungi; Apical growth; Appressorium formation; Disease initiation; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 從演化的觀點看,植物病原真菌為了能在寄主上生存,除了生理 生化上的變化之外,在形態上也必需發展出特定的構造來達到這個目 的。就大多數植物病原真菌胞子而言,此一特定的構造稱之為「附著 器」(appressorium)。附著器的形態構造隨植物病原種類的不同而有 所不同,是真菌胞子侵入寄主的首要步驟。因此了解附著器發育過程 及附著器形成的機制對病害的防治有深遠的影響。附著器發育過程包 括胞子吸著,發芽,尖端生長,菌絲尖端膨大,細胞核分裂,橫隔板 形成及黑色素形成等步驟。胞子的吸著與發芽管的吸著通常由不同的 機制所控制。胞子吸著的研究近年才漸為人所重視,許多證據顯示弱 作用力及膠體理論扮演重要角色,尤其是忌水性交互作用 (hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction)在解釋胞子的 吸著上有相當的證據。發芽管的生長分化則較為複雜。胞子發芽後,先進行尖端生長 (apical growth),但在接收了分化訊號後尖端生長消失,細胞進行重 組(reorganization),原來細胞骨架(cytoskelton)重新分佈,造成了細胞 膨大,並引起一連串的生理生化變化(physiological cascade),最後形 成了附著器並進行侵入。了解上述諸因子,對於阻止病原侵入寄主, 研究藥劑的作用機制或發展新的病害防治策略都有顯著的影響。本文 擬以近來研究較多之病原如:稻熱病菌 Magnaporthe griesea, 豆炭疽 病菌Collectottrichum lindermuthianum, 及豆�蚽f菌Uromyces appendiculatus 為例說明植物病原真菌胞子侵染過程初期的細胞學及 分子生物學,並指出其可能在病害防治上的應用。 |
英文摘要 | Plant fungal pathogens have evolved in many ways biochemically and morphologically to ensure their spores can penetrate into their host immediately after spore attachment.Among these changes,one of the most crucial stage is to from a highly specified structure called'appressorium' that is widely seen in many plant pathogenic fungi for penetration. Appressorium is recognized as the first step that plant fungal pathogens facilitate themselves morphologically in penetrating into their plant hosts. Based on the current knowledge available, the detail procedures of appressorium formation is different among different taxonomic group of fungi and, thus, to understand the detail process and mechanism that resulted appressorium formation are necessary for developing noble measures for plant disease control. the detail process of appressorium formation may be divided into several steps such as spore adhesion, spore germination, apical growth, tip swelling, nuclear division sepation and, in some fungi, melanization. the adhesion of fungal spore and sporlings may be dominated by different kind of mechanisms. Up-to-date information indicates that weak forces especially hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction and colloid theory play important roles in explaining the adhesion of fungal spores. Tip growth is another unique feature in fungal physiology and at least two hypothesis have been proposed: 'steady—state hypothesis' and ' digest and rebuild hypothesis'. in recent years, a more detail information collected through real time video taping has revealed a more dynamic nature of the tip growth. A more dramatic changes occurs when the germlings 'sense' the differentiation signal and undergoes a series of physiological changes that include reorganization of organell and cytoskelton, balloning of cell tip, synchronous nuclear division and septation etc. Accompany these, a more and more documented information indicated that the role of extracellular matrix may important in terms of adhesion, differentiation and, also, triggering host defense responses. The detail study of the mechanisms of disease initiation will help plant pathologists to discover noble means for disease management. This review mainly focus on the cell biology in model systems such as Magnaporthe grisea, Collectotrichum lindermuthianum, and Uromyces appendiculatus in order to give an overview of recent progress of disease initiation and their potential application in disease control. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。