查詢結果分析
相關文獻
- 植物病原真菌抗藥性問題探討
- Drug Resistance Patterns of Tuberculosis in Taiwan
- 偵測多種抗藥性結核桿菌的最新發展
- 寄生蟲的抗藥性現象面面觀
- Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections in Children
- 某教學醫院燒傷加護病房Methicillin抗藥性金黃色葡萄球菌感染之調查研究
- Short-Course Chemotherapy for Isoniazid-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis
- 盤尼西林抗藥性肺炎雙球菌感染
- 肺癌的藥物敏感性與抗藥性
- Insecticide Resistance Study in Plutella xylostella L. (9):The selective metabolism of insecticides
頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 植物病原真菌抗藥性問題探討 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 楊秀珠; | 書刊名 | 中華民國雜草學會會刊 |
| 卷 期 | 12:2 1991.08[民80.08] |
| 頁 次 | 頁135-154 |
| 分類號 | 433.85 |
| 關鍵詞 | 植物病原真菌; 抗藥性; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 殺菌劑經過一段時間使用後,可誘導其防治對象產生穩定之變化,因而造成明顯 藥效降低之現象,此現象稱之為抗藥性。依其作用方式可定義為交互抗藥性、多重抗藥性、 負交互抗藥性、室內抗藥性、田間抗藥性、雙重抗藥性。目前已知會誘導植物病原真菌產生 抗藥性之殺菌劑有水銀劑( mercurials ), aromatic hydrocarbons, 多寧( dodine ), pyrimidines, benzimidazoles, carboxamides, organic tin, 有機磷劑( organophosphates ), ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, dichloroanilines, acylalanines, dicarboximides, phenylamides, dimethylation inhibitor 等,而已知產 生抗藥性之植物病原真菌有芹菜褐斑病、瓜類白粉病、薤菜乾腐病、瓜類蔓枯病、茄子黑枯 病、灰黴病、菊花白�蚽f、梨黑斑病、蘋果落葉斑點病、梨黑星病、蘋果黑星病、柑桔青黴 病、桃菌核病、炭疽病、水稻稻熱病、水稻徒長病等,而至目前為止,臺灣有關抗藥性報告 計有柑桔青黴病、葡萄晚腐病、菊花白鏽病、灰黴病及炭疽病等。植物病原真菌抗藥性之成 因主要可分為遺傳變異性( mutation )及環境適應性( adaptation )。而植物病原真菌 之抗藥機制可簡略分為六種方式:1.降低殺菌劑與其作用點間之親和力;2.降低殺菌劑 之運輸能力及增強殺菌劑之流釋能力;3.解毒作用;4.喪失將殺菌劑轉換成有毒物質之 能力;5.補償作用,如增加病原菌產生酵素之能力;6.改變代謝產物之產生過程,其他 如改變細胞壁之滲透能力等亦可為抗藥性之作用機制。抗藥性之測定方法常用者為植物體外 測定及以植物組織測定,利用植物體測定時主要測定病原菌侵入植物之能力以及病原菌在寄 主組織內建立菌落之能力;而植物體外測定時,主要測定病原菌之生理性質,包括菌絲生長 能力、產胞能力、分生胞子發芽能力以及抗藥性菌株與敏感性菌株之競爭能力。田間抗藥性 發生之監測工作對於抗藥性之管理及預防均有其重要性,因此進行監測之主要原因在於(1 )探討抗藥性產生之可能性;(2)預測抗藥性問題之產生;(3)測定抗藥性管理策略; (4)探知抗藥性之進展;(5)協助地區性使用殺菌劑之選擇;(6)抗藥性之基礎研究 ,在進行監測之前最主要之工作乃在於訂定抗藥性基準點( Baseline )。抗藥性之預防方 法簡單可歸納為下列五種方法:1.開發新藥劑;2.藥劑混合使用;3.藥劑輪流使用; 4.於特定時間及特定地點有限制使用藥劑;以及5.利用藥劑以外之防治策略,包括改變 耕作方式、栽種抗病品種以及進行病害預測。 |
| 英文摘要 | Fungicide resistance can be defined as stable, inheritable adjustment by a fungus to fungicides, resulting in a less than normal sensitivity to the fungicides. Several terms such as cross resistance, multiple resistance, negative cross resistance, laboratory resistance, field resistance, double resistance are common use in the fungicide resistance. The following kinds of fungicides are reported to induce the pathogen to present the fungicide resistance: mercurials, aromatic hydrocarbons, dodine, pyrimidines, benzimidazoles, carboxamides, organic tin, organophosphates, ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, dichloroanilines, acylalanines, dicarboximides, phenylamides, dimethylation inhibitor and etc. The pathogens reported are Cercospora beticola Sacerdo, Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.) Pollacci. Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. allii Matuo, Mycosphaerella melonis (Passerini) Chiu et Walker, Corynespora melongenae Takimoto, Botrytis cinerea Persoon, Puccinia horiana P. Henning. Alternaria kikuchiana, Alternaria mali, Venturia pirina. Venturia inaequalis, Penicillium digitatum, Monilinia fructicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium moniliforme and etc. The green mold of orange, anthracnose of grape, white rust of chrysanthemum, gray mold and anthracnose are reported to show the fungicides resistance in Taiwan. Mechanism of fungicide resistance can be separated into six kind of function as followings. (1) Reduced affinity of target sites; (2) Reduced uptake or increased efflux of fungicide; (3) Detoxification; (4) Lack of conversion to active compound; (5) Compensation, such as increased production of target enzyme; (6) Circumvention of block through an alternate pathway. The measurement of fungicide resistance can be proceeded in vivo and in vitro. The capacity to infect the plant and the capacity to colonize the host tissue are used to measure the fungicide resistance in vivo commonly. The methods to measure the fungicide resistance in vitro are the capacity of mycelial growth, the capacity of sporulation, the capacity of germination of conidia, and the competition tests between resistant and sensitive strains. The reason for monitor of fungicide resistance is to investigate suspected cases of practical resistance, to predict the appearance of resistance problems, to check resistance management strategies, to track the progress of resistance with time, to guide fungicide selection at the local level, and to advance basic understanding. It is very important to determine the baseline for fungicide resistance before monitoring The way to cope the fungicide resistance includes the following: new disease control agents, the use of mixtures, rotation of disease control agents, limitation of use, limiting use to specific times and areas, integrated control strategies, including cultural practices, resistant cultivars and forecasting. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。