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題 名 | 公共給水定價的原則與方法=Principles and Methods of Public Water Pricing |
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作 者 | 蕭景楷; | 書刊名 | 臺灣土地金融季刊 |
卷 期 | 34:4=134 1997.12[民86.12] |
頁 次 | 頁61-75 |
分類號 | 575.16 |
關鍵詞 | 水價制定; 邊際成本定價; 經濟效率; Water pricing; Marginal-cost-pricing; Economic efficiency; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 隨著水資源稀少情況的愈形嚴重,人們愈能體認到水在各種競爭性使用中的經 濟價值,並且將水視為一種商品,認為水價不僅是決定財務收入的主要因素,而且是影響 水資源分派及使用效率的重要管理工具。由於水價的高低及其費率結構,將影響公共給水 部門的政策目的和經濟管理,所以水價的制定必須考量特定的目標,同時遵循經濟原則和 工程成本的內涵來設計。 本文首先探討經濟效率、公平、成本回收、節約用水、可行性等決定用水費率結構的 目標,除討論各別目標的內容外,也分析它們之間的衝突或矛盾。換言之,一個實際可行 的水價,應當是由數個目標折衷而形成的。本文接著應用經濟學的概念和原理,以及工程 實施建造所引起的成本項目,建立不同的定價模型,特別是邊際成本定價模型。這些模型 將從理論和實際上的可能論題,分別加以探討。此外,鑑於公共給水定價涉及所有市民的 權益,如何制定一個大多數人可以接受而又能達成管理目標的費率結構,也是相當值得探 討的議題,所以本文特別以國外的實例說明如何經由市民參與,以獲得成功的水價制定和 實施。 |
英文摘要 | As water resource becomes Scarcer, we have come to recognize the economic value of water in various competing uses and consider that water is a commodity. Water pricing thus has been viewed not only the determinant of financial revenue, but an important management instrument for affecting the efficiency of water allocation and use. Because the water price level and its rate structure will affect the policy objectives and management of public utility, water pricing must consider specific objectives and apply economic principles and engineering cost components. This paper first discusses the objectives-economic efficiency, equity, cost recovery, water conservation, feasibility-which appear to be relevant to water rate design. In addition to the discussion of each objective, the conflicts among different objectives are also analyzed. In other words, a practically feasible rate, therefore, embodies a set of compromises among objectives. The concepts and principles of economics and cost components of engineering construction are next to be applied to form different pricing models, especially the marginal-cost-pricing model. These models and related issues will be described, respectively. Last, a successful case illustrates a rate structure can be designed to be acceptable to the community at large is introduced. This rate-planning process used a citizen advisory committee to review alternatives is worth to take as a good example of citizen participation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。