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題 名 | Effects of Sulfonylurea Herbicides on the Seedling Growth of Corn (Zea Mays L.) Plants=硫醯尿素類除草劑對玉米幼苗生長之影響 |
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作 者 | 王慶裕; | 書刊名 | 中華民國雜草學會會刊 |
卷 期 | 18:1 1997.10[民86.10] |
頁 次 | 頁29-39 |
分類號 | 433.85 |
關鍵詞 | 硫醯尿素類除草劑; 玉米; 生長抑制; 支鏈胺基酸; Sulfonylurea; Herbicide; Corn; Growth inhibition; Branchedchain amino acids; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本研究主要目的在比較臺灣地區現行三種硫醯尿素類( sulfonylureas )除草劑 bensulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 及 imazosulfuron 對於玉米幼苗生長之劑量 反應,並探討其差異性傷害之原因。 本試驗以玉米臺農一號( TN1 )為材料,於四葉期分 別在盆缽土壤中施用 0、3.9、7.8、15.6、31.3、62.5、12.5、 250 及 500g a.i/ha 之劑 量。於處理後三週利用劑量與植株反應關係之 log-logistic 分析模式,結果發現玉米幼苗 之株高生長受到 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 顯著抑制, 其 GR �t約為 4.8-7.3g a.i/ha,對 其他二種除草劑之反應較不敏感。疑外,由乾重變化分析顯示,bensulfuron-methyl 與 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 之 GR�t劑量相近, 分別為 9.7 及 14.9g a.i/ha,而 imazosulfuron 則為 44. 3 g a.i/ha,但仍以 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 造成之下限 ( lower limit )值最低, 顯示 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 抑制幼苗乾重之幅度最大, bensulfuron-methyl 次之,imazosulfuron 最小。進一步以 20 g a.i/ha 之劑量處理,於 處理後一週起幼苗乾物質生產開始受到抑制, 至第三週時 imazosulfuron、 bensulfuron-methyl 及 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 處理者分別降為對照處理之 87、 83 及 67%。 分析葉部之游離胺基酸,則顯示其在處理後一週內分別降至 30、41 及 77%,隨後逐 漸恢復,似乎游離胺基酸之含量變化無法直接反映出三種除草劑抑制玉米生長的程度差異。 由於硫醯尿素類除草劑主要係抑制支鏈胺基酸合成, 故本試驗進一步分析,但發現 valine 含量並無明顯變化且略有增加, 而 isoleucine 則在三種除草劑處理後一週內降至 40-55% ,其中 bensulfuron-methyl 處理三週後降至 25%。 至於 leucine 則以 imazosulfuron 處理者降低 20%,而 bensulfuronmethyl 及 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 處理者均降至 40-46% 。故推測三種除草劑於處理後一週內 leucine 與 isoleucine 含量下降,可能直接影響生 長抑制效果。 |
英文摘要 | Sulfonylurea herbicides are used primarily for rice weed control in Taiwan, but are seldom used on other land-crops. The study estimates the damage of seedling growth of corn plants caused by three sulfonylureas, i.e, bensulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and imazosulfuron. Corn, cv. Tainung No.1 (TN 1), was used as materials and various rates of the herbicides were applied into soil directly at the 4th leaf stage. The dose-response of plant height was calculated by the log0logistic function and the results indicated that plant height was significantly inhibited by pyrazosulfuron-ethyl with 4.8-7.3 g a.i/ha of GR�t but little affected by other two sulfonylureas. In addition, the dose-response curve of plant dry matter production against three sulfonylureas showed the 9.7, 14.9 and 44.3 g a.i/ha of GR�tfor bensulfuron- methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and imazosulfuron, respectively. Also the lower limit of the response curve was largely declined for pyrazosulfuron-ethyl by 84% of the upper limit. Furthermore, the experiment using 20g a.i/ha of sulfonylurea herbicides revealed that dry matter production started to be inhibited after one week and inhibited significantly to 87, 83 and 67% for imazosulfuron, bensulfuronmethyl and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, respectively, three weeks later. However, together with that free amino acids of leaves were declined to 30, 41 and 77% for imazosulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl within one week, these changes of free amino acids apparently could not reflect the inhibition degree of seedling growth. In this experiment, the valine content was not influenced by sulfonylureas but bensulfuron-methyl declined the isoleucine to 40-55% within one week and even to 25% after three weeks. Besides, leucine was slightly decreased, ca. 20%, by imazosulfuron and was decreased to 40-46% by bensulfuron-methyl or pyrazosulfuron-ethyl. The significant decreases of leucine and isoleucine within one week after treatment may possibly be related to the inhibition of seedling growth. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。