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題名 | 赫欽斯的博雅教育思想=A Study on the Liberal Educational Thoughts of Robert M. Hutchins |
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作者姓名(中文) | 葉坤靈; | 書刊名 | 社會文化學報 |
卷期 | 3 1996.05[民85.05] |
頁次 | 頁261-300 |
分類號 | 520.14 |
關鍵詞 | 赫欽斯; 博雅教育; 教育思想; Robert M. Hutchins; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 赫欽斯的博雅教育主張主要在解決人類問題與發展人性,是全民和社會所需。赫氏的主張建立在建全的人性哲學基礎上,主要目的在培養智德,因為智德是幸福生活必備的,而博雅教育的功效表現在自由人的培育上。博雅教育的內容是偉著和博雅科目,偉著是最偉大的博雅藝術家以最優秀的博雅科目涵養寫成的,其價值有四,即:歷久彌新;開啟視野;淺易而深邃;永無止境。赫氏為提出偉著的具體材料,曾和艾德勒(Mortimer J. Adler)實際從事偉著的編纂。博雅科目是文法、修辭、邏輯和數學,是了解傳統中自然科目、實用科目和純藝術的基礎,因此居於教育的核心地位,故赫氏十分強調語文教學。博雅科目是閱讀偉著的工具,而博雅科目又具體涵融於偉著中,因此培養博雅科目涵養的不二法門是閱讀偉著。博雅科目的修業年限是四年,修習方式全為必修,主要採討論方式進行,赫氏為實現其博雅教育理想曾在馬利蘭州的亞那玻里的聖約瀚學院實施。赫氏主張可資借鏡之處有選中西方偉著為大學通識科目和自中小學奠定博雅教育的基礎。 |
英文摘要 | This paper aims at clarifying Hutchins' liberal educational thoughts and its implication. There are five parts in this paper. Firstly, Hutchins regarded liberal education with an eye to wrestling with the problems of existence and cultivating the human good as the urgent needs of all men and the society. Secondly, Hutchins firmly claimed that his doctrines basing on the sound philosophy which is in the light of human nxture are to mainly cultivate intellectual virtues that are essential to the good life. Owing to the aim of liberal education as human encellence, both private and public, its object naturally is the excellence of man as man and man as citizen. From this reason, liberal education is the education of free men. Thirdly, Hutchins considered the subject-matter of liberal education great books and liberal arts, because great books are the master-pieces which the greatest liberal artists wrote with the excellent discipline of the liberal arts. The values of great books are: 1. contemporariness in any age; 2. opening the habitual vision of greatness; 3.the easiest as well as connoting the deepest meaning and truth; 4. infinite suggestiveness. As to liberal arts which mainly consist of grammar, logic, rhetoric, and mathematics, Hutchins thought that they are the means to comprehend the natural arts, the useful arts, and the fine arts existing in the tradition and hence, central in education. Fourthly, Hutchins for fulfilling his ideal, put his idea into practice at Saint John's College in Annapolis, Maryland. At last, the characteristic features of Hutchins' Liberal educational thougnts are ,inter alia: humanistic education, liberal education for all, an acute insight into the contemporary choas, discriminating the order of good, stressing the importance of practical wisdom, clarifying the concept of science, promoting the academic freedom, and liberal education as the cornerstone of a democratic community. Speaking of its implication, on the whole, the present situation in Taiwan is very similar to that in Hutchins' age and both deeply confused by the materialism. So we may learn a lesson from Hutchons' liberal educational thoughts, and the major points are selecting the Chinese and Western great books as the subject-matter of liberal education of the university, and laying the sound foundation of liberal education for all from the elementary and secondary schools. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。