查詢結果分析
來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 有機農耕法與慣行農耕法對作物品質、病蟲害與雜草控制之影響 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 戴順發; 陳東鐘; 黃賢喜; | 書刊名 | 高雄區農業改良場研究彙報 |
| 卷 期 | 5:2 1994.07[民83.07] |
| 頁 次 | 頁1-19 |
| 分類號 | 430.13 |
| 關鍵詞 | 輪作系統; 不同農耕法; 品質; 病蟲害; 雜草; Rotation system; Different farming method; Quality; Pest and insect damage; Weed; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 為探討在本省栽培環境之下,實施有機農法對作物品質、病蟲害及雜草控制影響,於1988年夏作起在高雄縣旗山鎮砂岩及粘扳岩混合沖積土設置有機農耕法長期試驗田。本試驗採兩種輪作系統,以兩年六作為一輪 (輪作Ⅰ:田菁─甘藍─甜玉米─水稻─毛豆或矮性菜豆─甜玉米;輪作Ⅱ:田菁─甜玉米─毛豆─水稻─蘿蔔─毛豆) ,各系統分設有機農耕法、慣行農耕法及折衷農耕法等三種處理,各處理面積為0.1公頃,共0.6公頃。前四年 (二輪) 12期作物,所獲結果摘述如下: 有機農耕法之農產品品質比慣行農法略優,如甘藍、蘿蔔與毛豆之口味,甜玉米之甜度及第一輪迴稻米之完整米粒等均比慣行農法稍佳,但產品外觀除輪作Ⅰ秋作毛豆外,均較慣行農法為差。 供試作物在有機農法管理之下,主要病蟲害之為害率除蔬菜類之病害稍輕微及第二輪迴春作甜玉米採用穀殼覆蓋,使媒紋病及葉斑病之發生較折衷及慣行農法延緩,且減輕罹病程度外,其他作物病蟲害為害程度均較慣行農法嚴重;折衷農法病蟲害發生程度除1989年秋作毛豆銹病稍重外,其他則介於兩者之間。惟各作物除蔬菜類之蚜蟲偶有嚴重發生外,其他尚不致造成無法控制之程度。 有機農法雜草之發生遠比慣行農法嚴重,於田間雜草發生高峰期之雜草發生數約為慣行農法之2.7~3.9倍,折衷農法則約為其1.2~2.3倍。而有機農法作物種植後覆蓋材料之選擇,以稻殼覆蓋對雜草控制效果似較稻草為佳。又由雜草數調查顯示,連續旱作雜草數有上升之現象,而水稻後作之田間雜草數有逐漸減少頃向,且兩輪作系統之三種農耕法均有相同之趨勢。 由本試驗之結果可知,除產品外觀外有機農法對作物品質具有增進作用,但其病蟲害與雜草防治若侷限於非農藥防治技術,則有控制效果不理想情形發生,仍需輔以最低限度而必要之藥劑防治。故折衷農法較有機農法具發展潛力,且可能是將來本省南部推行永續農業之耕作模式。 |
| 英文摘要 | In order to evaluate the practicability of organic farming system in southern Taiwan,a long term survey on the experiment field with the mixture of slate,shale and sandstone alluvial soils at Chi-Shan, Kaoshiung Hsien, was established in July, 1988. Two rotation systems which each cycle have six crops in two years,i.e. Tsuno-Kusa-Cabbage -Sweetcorn-Rice-Vegetable soybean or bush bean-Sweetcorn as rotation Ⅰ and Tsuno-Kusa-Sweetcorn-Vegetable soybean-Rice-Radish- Vegetable soybean as rotation Ⅱ combined with three farming methods, i.e. organic, conventional and intermediate farming were used. Results of the first 4 years (two cycles) are shown as follows: In organic plots, the qualities of products such as flavor of cabbage , radish and vegetable soybean, Brix of sweetcorn and head rice of two rotation systems in cycle 1 showed slightly better than those of coventional plots.But the apperance of organic products showed unattractive except that of fall vegetable soybean in rotation Ⅰ system. The organic plots were infested more seriously pests than the conventional except that pests of vegetable crops, Turcicrm leaf blight and Maydis leaf blight of organic plots which coverd with rice grain shells after sowing infested lately and slightly than those of intermediate and conventional plots in cycle 2, The infestion rate of intermediate plots were interval between the former and later plots except that rust of vegetable soybean in Autumn, 1989. However the occurence of insect pests were under controlable level except that Aphids in vegetable crops. Weeds in organic plots occurred seriously and showed about 2.7-3.9 times higher the conventional.In intermediate plots,weeds occurred slightly than the organic, but showed 1.2-2.3 times higher the conventional. Effect of weeds control which covered with rice grain shells after sowing would be better than that covered with rice straws in organic plots.Our experimental results implied that numbers of weeds would increase after continuously cropped in upland condition and decrease gradually in the crops after paddy rice. These phenomena were simultaneously found out in all three farming methods of rotationⅠ and Ⅱ systems. In concluding the first 4 years experiment, we found that the organic farming enhanced crop qualities except that apperance of products,but easily infested of pests, insects and weeds, because it relied non-pesticide i. e. intermediate farming may be the best approach way of sustainable agriculture in southern Taiwan. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。