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題 名 | 分季連續選拔在大豆育種上的應用(1):分季連續選拔育成品系之育種行為 |
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作 者 | 曾富生; 林俊隆; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 97 1977.03[民66.03] |
頁 次 | 頁10-31 |
關鍵詞 | 大豆; 分季; 育成; 育種; 品系; 連續; 選拔; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 為探討季節連續選拔法應用於大豆育種上的效果,使用F、E、L、Q、R 5個由不同季節連續選拔法育成的系統群及兩個比較品種(表1),合計47品系,播種於春、夏、秋3個期作;結果發現: 產量與其他大部分性狀之期作間差異均顯著,同時,品系與期作間均有極大的交感作用存在。然而,經季節連續選拔法育成之品系,其產量與產量構成因素在各期作之表現均比2個比較品種優越,而彼等之季節間差異則較小。 各性狀之遺傳力(h2)依系統?及期作別而異,惟收獲指數之h2在任何期作及系統?均較低。此外,在所有品系之混合?,以全乾物重、總莢數、粒數、產量等性狀之h2較低,而株高、百粒重、開花期、成熟期等則高;而且,大部分性狀之h2均呈春作最大,夏作次之,秋作最小之趨勢。但在各個由季節連續選拔法育成的系統?,則全乾物重,產量與各產量構成因素及大部分性狀之h2均極高;同時,各?在其接受連續選拔的兩個季節(春夏或春秋)裏;概有近似而較高的遺傳力。 就性狀間之表現型相關與遺傳相關而言,混合?之各期作的收獲指數,百粒重等有關成熟之性狀與株高、全乾物重、分枝數及其他有關營養生長之性狀間概呈負相關關係;春作之產量與百粒重,油分呈正相關,而除全乾物重外,營養生長性狀概與產量呈負相關;夏作之產量與成熟期,株高及全乾物重呈正相關;秋作則產量與株高,全乾物重、分枝數及油分等性狀彼此間均呈正相關。然而,初期世代接受春夏連續淘汰,而後期型春秋連續選拔的F?及春秋連續選拔育成的R?,在春作及夏作均以收獲指數與產量呈正相關,而大部營養生長性狀則與其產量呈負相關;反之,春夏連續選拔法育成的E、L 2兩?,在春夏兩作則全乾物重、株高、分枝莢數、開花期等營養生長性狀與產量均呈正相關;而Q?(春秋連續選拔,惟其親本之一為E?品系)之相關型式,則介於上述兩型之間;但在秋作,則各?一般均以全乾物重,株高、分枝數、粒數及各莢數性狀與產量呈正相關。 以性狀間表現型相關之相關行列行主成分分析及Varimax分析,發現一般均以全乾物重對產量之貢獻最為重要。但;在混合?內與產量正關係較密切的性狀在春作為百粒重,在夏作為開花期與成熟期,而在秋作則為株高、分枝莢數、粒數等。但在春夏兩期作,F、R 2?均以收獲指數對產量之貢獻較大,而E、L兩?則以開花期、分枝莢數、粒數及(或)株高等性狀較為重要,然而對Q群產量貢獻較大的性狀,在春作與F、R兩?相同,在夏作則與E、L?類似;而在秋作,則各?一般均以株高,分枝數、粒數及各莢數性狀與產量之正相關較重要。 |
英文摘要 | A total of 47 strains of soybeans including five strain-groups, F, E, L, Q, and R obtained from different disruptive seasonal selections (Table 1) in hybrid populations and two checkcultivars were planted in spring, 1974, and summer and fall, 1975, to investigate the breeding of disruptive seasonal selections in soybean breeding. Yield and most other characters differed significantly among crop seasons. A strong genotype and season interaction for these characters was also observed in each stain-group and the whole-strain group (47 strains pooled into one). Yield and yield components of strains selected from each disruptive selection were much better and less seasonal variations than those of the two check-cultivars. Heritability of most characters was affected by strain-groups and crop seasons. In general, harvest index had relatively low heritability. Total dry weight, total pod number, seed number and yield in the whole-strain group showed lower heritability values, while plant height, 100-seed weight, days to flowering and to maturity had higher valus. Heritability values of most characters were highest for spring crop, lowest for fall crop and intermediate for summer crop. But this tendency was not found in any of the five strain-groups. Total dry weight, yield and other characters that had low heritability values in the whole-strain group showed very high heritability values in all five groups; further more, these values for the disruptive selections conducted in the two seasons of spring and summer of spring and fall similar, and they were higher than those for the season not involved. But on the whole, heritability values estimated for each of the five groups did not fluctuate much with crop-seaons. For the phenotypic and genotypic correlations in the whole-strain group, characters related to vegetative growth (plant height, total dry weight, branch number, total pod number, and days to flowering, etc) were negatively correlated with characters related to ripenning (harvest index and 100-seed weight) in all three crop-seasons. Vegetative characters except total dry weight and oil content were positively correlated with it in spring crop. All vegetative characters and oil content were positively intercorrelatd with yield in fall crop; and yield of summer crop was positively correlated with days to maturity, plant height and total dry weight. Yields of both spring and summer crops of the F-group and R-group were positively correlated with harvest index, but most vegetative characters tended to show a negative correlation with it. Yields of E- and L-groups were positively correlated with total dry weight, plant height, number of pods on branches, days to flowering and other vegetative characters. The correlation patterns of the Q-group were similar to those of the F- and R- groups in spring, and almost identical to those of the E- and L-groups in summer crop. Yield were positively correlated with total dry weight, plant height, branch number, and characters relative to pods for all strain-groups in fall crop. It was found that the relative contribution of total dry weight seemed to be the most important for yield under principal components analysis. Other characters which significantly affected the yield of the whole-strain group were 100-seed weight in spring crop, days to flowering and to maturity in summer crop, and plant height, number of pods on branches and seed number in fall crop. Yields of F- and R- groups in spring and summer were controlled mainly by harvest index; but E- and L-groups were influenced mostly by days to flowering, number of pods on branches, seed number and (or) plant height. Q-groups showed similarly to F-and R- groups in spring and to E- and L-groups in summer. In fall crop, plant height, branch number, seed number and characters relative to pods were most important in yield constructions of all five groups. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。