頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 儒家倫理與華人教育觀:哲學反思、理論建構與實徵研究=Confucian Ethics and Chinese Educational Perspectives: Philosophical Reflection, Theoretical Construction, and Empirical Research |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 符碧真; | 書刊名 | 本土諮商心理學學刊 |
| 卷 期 | 16:2 2025.06[民114.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁1-78 |
| 分類號 | 121.2 |
| 關鍵詞 | 哲學反思; 理論建構; 華人教育觀; 實徵研究; 儒家倫理; Philosophical reflection; Theoretical construction; Chinese educational perspectives; Empirical research; Confucian ethics; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese);英文(English) |
| 中文摘要 | 筆者在師資培育過程中,師資生常抱怨理論與實務的斷裂。主因之一是引用西方理 論時,未考慮文化差異。儒家文化圈國家在國際學術評比表現優異,但實徵研究顯示西 方理論無法完整解釋東亞學生學習。筆者遂深耕「華人教育觀」研究,經歷哲學反思、 理論建構、實徵研究的過程。在哲學反思上,體會絕對真理與近似真理的不同,從發現 的研究走向發明的研究;了解科學研究綱領的硬核與保護帶,遂增加輔助假設,以保護 硬核;領悟泛文化研究與文化系統研究的差別,從泛文化研究「知其然,但不知其所以 然」,走向文化系統研究「知其然,且知其所以然」。從儒家倫理建構「修養的角色義 務理論」,指出個人應不斷自我修養,善盡五倫對偶關係中的角色義務,以滿足重要他 人的期待。社會大眾以個人努力盡其角色義務的程度,做為評斷其道德修養的標準。角 色義務蘊含道德修養境界的提升,又與社會期許的縱向成就目標相連,故努力追求與達 成成就目標即是「倫理」與「道德」的顯現。系列實徵研究發現,在縱向目標下:(1) 努力的道德性價值說明天道酬勤;(2)失敗者陷入兩難困境:努力則難過,不努力則無 道德形象;(3)失敗者產生該繼續堅持的愧疚感與要放棄的絕望感,進退維谷;(4) 建立 B3A 模式,說明失敗時反求諸己的心理機制;(5)西方成就動機四象限模式須加 上儒家倫理的概念方可解釋我國學生樣態;(6)多數教師同時給學生西方及東方回饋, 導致學生陷入是否該繼續努力的兩難困境。研究啟示是:從文化系統研究理解在縱向目 標失敗後,學生心理健康欠佳恐是多種兩難困境所致,建議以多元小型金字塔解決單一 巨型金字塔的困境。最後,建議研究者從研究缺口找到問題意識,以文化系統進行發明 的研究,區辨普同性與文化特殊性的現象。期盼更多學者投入華人教育觀這個尚待開發 的園地,為理論與實務的斷裂找出解決之道。 |
| 英文摘要 | During my career of preparing teachers, pre-service teachers often complain about the theory-practice divide. One of the main reasons is the introduction of Western theories to Confucian societies without considering cultural differences. East Asian students outperform their international counterparts on many international comparisons, such as TIMSS and PISA, but empirical studies have revealed that existing Western theories cannot fully explain these phenomena. Therefore, I have devoted myself to researching the Chinese view on education. This article describes my journey, including philosophical reflection, theoretical construction, and empirical research. Regarding philosophical reflection, I realize the fundamental differences between discovery derived from the only truth and invention originated from approximate truth, thus replacing discovery with invention research; understand the relationship between the hardcore and the protective belt, thus adding auxiliary hypotheses to protect the hardcore; distinguish the pan-cultural approach from the cultural system approach, therefore switching from know-what to know-why and know-how research. Based on Confucian ethics, our research group constructed the “role obligation theory of self-cultivation” (ROT), indicating that individuals should fulfill their role obligations to meet the expectations of significant others in the dyad of five cardinal interpersonal relationships. Duty fulfillment is an essential criterion for judging an individual’s moral cultivation. Fulfilling obligation, on the one hand, is an indication of upgrading one’s moral cultivation; on the other hand, it connects to social expectations; thus, those who fulfill their obligations are viewed as morally upright and ethically correct. As to empirical research, our research group found that in Confucian-heritage cultures such as Taiwan, (1) making an effort in academic domains has strong moral values, showing that heaven rewards hardworking students; (2) in the face of academic failure, students are trapped in a dilemma between feeling bad and being bad; (3) when encountering academic failure, students are in a predicament of feeling hopeless and indebted, putting them in an awkward position of whether to persist or not; (4) building a “belief➔attribution➔affection➔action” (B3A) model to explain the psychological mechanism of how students reflect on their academic failure; (5) while the western quadripolar model can only explain 50 % of the sample, the addition of ROT can explain another 50%; (6) a majority of teachers tend to provide failing students with ability-based and duty-based feedback simultaneously, thus leading students at a loss. These results imply that empirical findings would be better understood from the cultural system; students’ poor psychological well-being may relate to many dilemmas when facing academic failure; building multiple small achievement pyramids rather than one giant achievement pyramid may mitigate the predicaments. Finally, three suggestions are for scholars, including identifying research questions from research gaps between existing Western theories and local phenomena, conducting invention research from the perspective of cultural systems, and further distinguishing between culture-free and culture-specific phenomena in advancing psychological knowledge. Hopefully, more scholars will be involved in this field yet to be developed and find the solutions to the theory-practice divide. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。