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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 昨是今非?越南沙壩赫蒙人之搶婚風俗=Past Are Right Present Are Wrong? Wife-pulling Custom of Hmong People in Sapa, Vietnam |
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作者姓名(中文) | 陳芳草; | 書刊名 | 日本與亞太研究 |
卷期 | 8:1 2023.04[民112.04] |
頁次 | 頁111-145 |
分類號 | 538.48383 |
關鍵詞 | 搶婚; 赫蒙人; 早婚; 沙壩; 性別; Wife-pulling; Hmong people; Teenage marriage; Sapa; Gender; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 赫蒙人(又稱蒙人)人口在越南 54 個民族中排行第八,主要居住在中 越邊界一帶的高山地區。長期以來,赫蒙族還維持著許多的傳統風俗,其中, 「搶婚」在現代社會中受到矚目。 筆者採用觀察法和深度訪談方法,在半結構式問卷調查的基礎上,對 28 位透過搶婚習俗而結婚的赫蒙人進行訪談。本文有以下發現: 第一,搶婚習 俗的現狀已經改變。搶婚原本是赫蒙族的「人道風俗」,並以保護婦女為名。 如今,現代社會支持男女青年自由配對,但搶婚變成一般人無法接受的「不 人道風俗」。因為在此風俗下,許多赫蒙族婦女成為「受害者」,例如早婚 或造成未成年女孩無法入學等;其次,對於這個習俗,當事人的聲音可以分 為三種:(一)此乃是赫蒙人的文化之美,需要保留和發揚;(二)這也是 理所當然的事實 ; (三)對該習俗雖表示不滿,但還是接受。值得注意的是, 大部分接受採訪的年輕女性以第三種意見居多,其中不少人分享說到,因為 被拉走,所以不能嫁給自己愛的人,或者寧可選擇單身,也不願被搶婚。筆 者依照女性受訪者同意接受的程度,將沙壩地區赫蒙人搶婚習俗分成三個型 態:「拉妻」 (kéo v )、「抓妻 」(b t v )、「搶妻」 (c p v ),同時 分析赫蒙人社會文化價值、性別視角(如女性在社會中的地位、家庭關係) 以及赫蒙人日常生活中的習俗來解釋此一現象。 |
英文摘要 | In this research, based on observation and in-depth interview methods through a semi-structured questionnaire system, the author interviewed 28 Hmong persons got married by wife-pulling. This article found that, firstly, the wife-pulling has many changes compared to the original meanings. This changes from a good custom that protects women's rights and promotes free marriage, into a condemned and disapproved custom in modern society because this custom turns Hmong women into victims, such as teenage marriage, and minor girls losing the right to go to school, etc. Secondly, the voices of insiders are divided into three kinds of opinions: the first opinion is that this custom is the beautiful culture of the Hmong needed to be preserved and developed; the second opinion says that this is a matter- of-fact; the third opinion expresses dissatisfaction but is still accepted. It is worth noting that most of the young women interviewed gave the third opinion. Many of them shared that because of wife-pulled, they could not marry their lovers, or choose to stay single instead of marriage by this custom. According to the rate of female consent among the interviewees, the author divides the wife-pulling custom of the Hmong people in Sa Pa into three types: pulling wife (kéo vợ), catching wife (bắt vợ), and robbing wife (cướp vợ). This phenomenon is explained by people's social and cultural values, gender perspectives (such as women's status in society and family relations), and customs in Hmong people's daily life. |
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