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題 名 | 臺灣特有種蒲公英保肝飲品之開發與其安全性及功能性評估=Development of a Hepatoprotective Beverage from Taraxacum Formosanum Kitamur with the Evaluations of Its Safety and Functionality |
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作 者 | 溫曉薇; | 書刊名 | 中醫藥年報 |
卷 期 | 3 2014.12[民103.12] |
頁 次 | 頁(19)1-(19)70 |
分類號 | 411.4 |
關鍵詞 | 臺灣蒲公英; 口服急毒性; 28天亞急毒性; Ames試驗; 蒲公英飲品; Taraxacum formosanum Kitamura; Acute oral toxicity test; 28-days feeding toxicity; Ames test; Dandelion beverage; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 台灣蒲公英 (Taraxacum formosanum Kitamura)為台灣的特有種蒲公英,可食用亦可藥用,具清熱、解毒等功效。本計畫目的是以台灣蒲公英為主,加入其他藥材製備出為大眾所接受的保肝飲品,並確定其安定性與安全性以提高台灣特有種蒲公英的經濟價值。由於市售的台灣蒲公英不易大量取得與鑑定,故計畫中以組培的台灣蒲公英作為實驗的樣品。然而在長期食用組培台灣蒲公英萃取物上有安全性之疑慮,因此以 SD大鼠進行口服急毒性試驗及 28天亞急毒性試驗。口服急毒性試驗使用的蒲公英水萃物凍乾粉劑量為 5 g/kg bw,而 28天亞急毒性試驗所使用的劑量為 2、1及 0.5 g/kg bw台灣蒲公英水萃物凍乾粉。結果證實蒲公英水萃物凍乾粉在及毒與亞急毒性試驗中皆未造成大鼠中毒與死亡,實驗組大鼠體重、飼料利用率、血液學變化、尿液學變化、凝血時間、血清生化值、臟器重量變化百分比與控制組無顯著性差異。大鼠肉眼病變圖、組織切片的結果在高劑量組皆無病變。採用安姆氏試驗法 (Ames test)測試台灣蒲公英水萃液對兩種標準之沙門氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium TA98及 TA100)菌株的致突變性。結果顯示,台灣蒲公英水萃液在不同處理濃度 (5, 2.5, 1.25,0.625及 0.3125 mg/plate)下對於沙門氏菌的回復突變菌落數皆與陰性對照組無顯著差異,表示蒲公英之水萃取物在沙門菌回復突變之 Ames test並不具有致變異性。將組培台灣蒲公英加入金銀花、薄荷、甘草、羅漢果和紅棗以及冰糖與蜂蜜 (飲品 A336)或是加入紅棗、甘草與冰糖和檸檬濃縮汁 (飲品 B275),製成兩種不同口味的飲品。飲品 A336均質 1000 bar、10 分鐘後加入 0.05%三仙膠以及飲品 B275均質 1000 bar、15 分鐘後同樣加入 0.05%三仙膠,其飲品在儲藏期間穩定度最佳。100℃滅菌 20分鐘可使飲品 A336總生菌數由 2.08±0.12 log CFU/mL下降至 0.71±0.03 log CFU/mL,儲藏第一週結束滅菌前後飲品總生菌數分別為 5.23±0.72 和 0.92±0.03 log CFU/mL;飲品 B275總生菌數則由未滅菌前 1.69±0.01 log CFU/mL降至 0.31±0.27 log CFU/mL,一周後未滅菌樣品總生菌數為 1.56±0.10 log CFU/mL,滅菌後樣品則是 0..20±0.09 log CFU/mL,皆符合飲品規範 105 log CFU/mL。在 121℃滅菌 15分鐘總生菌數都比 100℃滅菌 20分鐘低,但 100℃滅菌 20分鐘會降低飲品的亮度 (L值)且飲品中粒徑經儲藏後有明顯的上升,使飲品產生不穩定之變化。故綜合上述結果,100℃滅菌 20分鐘為飲品最適滅菌條件的選擇。 |
英文摘要 | Taraxacum formosanum Kitamura is a special plant in Taiwain and can be use as food or medicine. It has been used as a folk medicine to treat lactation and liver disease. The objective of this research project is to utilize T. formosanum Kitamura and other medicines to manufacture a hepatoprotective beverage with the evaluatioin of safty and stability, in oreder to elevate its commercial value. Because of the commercial dandelions were not easy to get and confirm its specis, we used tissue cultured T. formosanum Kitamura as experimental sample. In this study, acute oral toxicity test and 28-days feeding toxicity on SD rats are applied to measure the safety of the extract of plant tissue culture of T. formosanum Kitamura. The dose of 5 g/kg of body weight of freeze-dried T. formosanum Kitamura extract powder was used in acute oral toxicity test, and the dosage of 2, 1, and 0.5 g/kg of bw were used in 28-day feeding test. The results showed that no poison symptoms or death were observed in the control and treated rats. No significant differences of body weight, organ weight, food consumption, urine analysis, thrombin time, hematological parameters, and serum biochemistry between the control and treated groups were observed. No gross and histopathological change of rats was found. In the Ames test, the result showed that various dosage of T. formosanum Kitam extraction had no significant difference in colony forming unit compared with negative group, so the extract of T. formosanum Kitamura had no mutagenic properties. Moreover, T. formosanum Kitamura extraction was added with different Chinese medicines to make two kinds of drinks. We used T. formosanum Kitamura with honeysuckle, mint, licorice root, momordica grosvenori, Chinese red date, sugar and honey to make beverage A336. We also used Chinese red date, licorice root, surgar and lemon concentration juice with T. formosanum Kitamura to make beverage B275. After the beverage A336 homogenized 1000 bar for 10 min and the beverage B275 homogenized 1000 bar for 15 min, both of them were added 0.05% xanthan gum. Then two beverages were most stable in this condition at storage. When using 100℃ to sterile beverage A336 for 20 min, total plate count of it was decreased from 2.08±0.12 log CFU/mL to 0.71±0.03 log CFU/mL. After one week of storage, total plate count of beverage without sterilization was 5.23±0.72 log CFU/mL and 0.92±0.03 log CFU/mL with sterilization. Total plate count of beverage B275 without sterilization was decreased form 1.69±0.01 log CFU/mL to 0.31±0.27 log CFU/mL. After one week, total plate count of beverage without sterilization was 1.56±0.10 log CFU/mL and 0.20±0.09 log CFU/mL with sterilization. The results of total plate count were lower than the leagal regulation, 105 CFU/mL. When using 121℃ to sterilize beverage 15 min, the total plate count was lower than the condition of 100℃ for 20 min. However, the color of L value was lower than the sterilized condition of 100℃ for 20 min. Hence, the optimized condition of sterilization was selected as processing at 100℃for 20 min. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。