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題 名 | 共同施用堆肥與炭化稻殼對坡地土壤氮與磷釋放潛勢之影響=Effects of Co-applying Compost and Rice Hull Biochar on Release Potential of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Slopeland Soils |
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作 者 | 簡士濠; 陳文棋; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷 期 | 60:4 2014.12[民103.12] |
頁 次 | 頁61-71 |
分類號 | 434.227 |
關鍵詞 | 坡地農田土壤; 堆肥; 碳化稻殼; 無機態氮; 有效磷; Slopeland; Compost; Rice hull biochar; Inorganic nitrogen; Available phosphorous; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 添加有機資材維持坡地農田土壤品質已為目前慣行之農業管理方式。然而,因有機質分解迅速而過量或過常施用有機資材不符經濟效益,且易造成過剩營養鹽流失而污染集水區或下游水體之水質。本研究以不易分解之炭化稻殼,以1、2及4% (w/w)之比例與蔗渣堆肥(20 ton ha-1)共同施用至老埤系(Lo) (pH = 4.4)、石門村系 (Sme) (pH = 6.8)及鎮平系(Cn) (pH = 8.4)不同坡地農田土壤中,進行70天的培育試驗,評估共同施用該二種資材後土壤中氮與磷釋放潛勢及對小白菜(Brassica rapa chinensis)產量的影響。實驗結果顯示,培育70天後,施用炭化稻殼可明顯提升Lo和Sme土壤之pH至少0.3個單位以上,但降低Cn土壤之pH至少0.8個單位。培育期間,共同施用堆肥與炭化稻殼之處理因生物固氮作用,無機態氮釋放量皆低於對照組與單獨添加堆肥處理者;相較於控制組,Lo土壤之無機態氮釋放量減少15-29%,Sme土壤減少20-28%,Cn土壤<7%。共同施用炭化稻殼與堆肥後,三種土壤無機態氮釋放量依序為Sme (58-65 mg/kg) > Lo (30-45 mg/kg) > Cn (<20 mg/kg),以中性pH之壤質Sme土壤的氮礦化速率最高。有效磷方面,添加炭化稻殼處理皆能明顯增加三種土壤之有效磷含量1.1-7.0倍;然而,有效磷將隨培育時間為土壤所逐漸吸附固定,以富含鐵鋁氧化物之Lo土壤與含鈣之Cn土壤的固定量最高,二土壤於培育結束後分別減少38-58%及72-75%。整體而言,施用炭化稻殼可中和坡地農田土壤之pH及增加有效磷含量,進而促進小白菜產量,以堆肥搭配4%之炭化稻殼為最佳。同時,本研究果顯示添加炭化稻殼可顯著減少土壤中無機態氮的釋放潛勢,進而可降低下游集水區水體氮污染之風險。 |
英文摘要 | Maintaining of soil quality on slopelands by applying organic amendments has been considered as a common agricultural management method in Taiwan. However, over use of organic amendments due to rapid decomposition of soil organic matter is wasting and might pollute water body at catchments or down streams. Therefore, decomposition- resistant rice hull biochar (RHB) and bagasse compost were used as amendments and co-applied into rural soils on slopelands with 1%, 2% and 4% (w/w) and 20 ton ha-1 respectively, to evaluate release potential of nitrogen and phosphorus after 70 days incubation. The studied soils were Loapi soil (Lo) (pH = 4.4), Shihmentsun soil (Sme) (pH = 6.8), and Chenpin soil (Cn) (pH = 8.4). The results indicated that soil pH increased 0.3 units for Lo and Sme soils, and decreased 0.8 units for Cn soil by incorporating RHB after 70 d incubation. Biological N fixation (BNF) resulted in reduction of inorganic N contents in the treatments of co-applying of RHB and compost as comparing with the treatments of control and compost application only. The inorganic N decreased by 15-29%, 20-28% and <7% for the soils of Lo, Sme and Cn, respectively, as comparing with the control. After incubation, the order of inorganic N contents were Sme soil (58-65 mg/kg) > Lo soil (30-45 mg/kg) > Cn soil (<20 mg/kg) regardless of application rates of RHB. Regarding available phosphorus (AP), AP contents increased by 1.1 to 7 times in three soils after application of compost and RHB, and the contents increased with application rates of RHB. However, the 38-58% and 72-75% of AP were gradually fixed in Lo soil and Cn soil, respectively, after incubation. Consequently, application of RHB into the soils could improve soil pH regardless acidic and alkaline soils, and increase AP contents, which therefore promote production of Brassica rapa chinensis, especially for the treatment of co-applying of 4% RHB and compost. Besides, application of RHB could decrease release of inorganic N and therefore reduce nitrogen pollution potential at catchments. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。