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題名 | A Fast Screening Procedure for Ketamine and Norketamine in Urine Samples with a Gas Chromatography-Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector=以氣相層析氮磷偵測器快速篩檢尿液中愷他命及其代謝物 |
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作者 | 林惠茹; 賴滄海; | 書刊名 | 慈濟醫學 |
卷期 | 17:4 民94.08 |
頁次 | 頁213-217+296 |
分類號 | 414.91 |
關鍵詞 | 氣相層析氮磷偵測器; 快速篩選; 愷他命; 氣相層析質譜儀; GC-NPD screening; Ketamine; GC-MS confirmation; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 目的:世界各地濫用愷他命的情測日益嚴重,急需一快速且精確的篩檢方法。目前仍無市售的免疫試劑可供篩檢之用。我們將發展以氣相層析氮磷偵測器來篩檢的方法。材料與方法:取1 mL的尿液檢體,加入內標chorpheniramine,再以200μL的己烷萃取後不衍生的方式,以氣相層析氮磷偵測器進行分析。我們建立可同時分析愷他命及其代謝物:原愷他命的篩檢方法。結果:分析一個檢體的時間為4分鐘。愷他命及原愷他命的偵測極限分別是5.0 ng/mL及5.6 ng/mL。分析低中高三種不同濃度(80, 240, 400 ng/mL)同日內之精確度及準確度皆在-4.00%及4.75%以內。我們收集104個來自臺北迪斯可舞廳的尿液檢體。利用篩檢及確認分析方法分別檢驗此批檢體。利用確認分析方法分析一個檢體需20分鐘。再加上為避免高濃度檢體干擾,於檢體間加入一空白檢體,則每一檢體分析時間為40分鐘。此方法的靈敏度為100%,而特異性為97.6%。結論:此簡易操作的篩選方法(每小時60個檢體)萃取尿液中的愷他命類藥物並以氣相層析氮磷偵測器作偵測。分析一個檢體需4分鐘。愷他命及原愷他命的偵測極限皆低於6 ng/mL。精確度及準確度皆在5%以人。此GC-NPD篩檢方式提供了一個快速、靈敏且適用於大量篩檢愷他命的方法。 |
英文摘要 | Objective: The rapid increase of ketamine abuse worldwide has created a need for a fast and efficient screening procedure. Currently, there is no commercially available immunoassay. We developed a simple extraction and a rapid gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD) procedure to screen out negative samples. Materials and Methods: Urine samples (1 mL) were spiked with chlorpheniramine as an internal standard and extracted with 0.2 mL of hexane. Samples were screened for ketamine (K) and its metabolite, norketamine (NK) with GC-NPD without derivatization. Results: The total analysis time was 4 minutes for each sample. The detection limits for K and NK were 5.0 and 5.6 ng/mL, respectively. The within-run precisions (%CV) and accuracies (% error) for 80, 240 and 400 ng/mL of K and NK were all between -4.00% and 4.75%. A group of 104 urine samples collected from patrons at discos in Taiwan were screened with GC-NPD and confirmed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total analysis time for GC-MS confirmation was 20 minutes per sample. The sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 97.6%. Conclusions: A simple and fast procedure was employed (60 samples per hour) to extract ketamine from urine sample for GC-NPD screening. Total analysis time was 4 minutes for each sample. The detection limits of K and NK were less than 6 ng/mL. The precision (% CV) and accuracy (% error) were less than 5%. The CG-NPD screening method is rapid, sensitive and suitable for high volume screening for ketamine. |
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