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題名 | 論大陸公司法上有關有限責任公司之概念與特性=A Study on the Conseption and Characteristic of Limited Liability Company in the Company Law of Mainland |
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作者 | 趙東濟; Je, Cho-dong; |
期刊 | 東吳法律學報 |
出版日期 | 20001200 |
卷期 | 12:2 2000.12[民89.12] |
頁次 | 頁295-325 |
分類號 | 587.24 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 國有獨資公司; 外商投資企業; 國有企業; 一人公司; 轉讓; 公有制; 社會主義經濟體制; 現代企業制度; 兩權分離; 股份制; National wholly owned company; Foreign investment enterprise; National enterprise; One man company; Transfer; Public own system; Social economy system; Modern enterprise system; Separation of two rights; Shareholder system; |
中文摘要 | 有限公司一般是指由一定人數的股東所組成,而股東以其出資須為很對公司承擔責任,公司以其全部資產對其債務承擔責任的公司而言,但大陸的公司法並未以法律明文給有限責任公司下定義。就大陸的有限責任公司之沿革而言,在中華人民共和國成立前,國民政府的工商企業是採用有限責任公司的組織形式,而在一九四九年後,大陸的經濟體制就成為同時包含傳統經濟與市場經濟的混合制度。隨著經濟的不斷發展和經濟體制改革的深化,迫切需要一部「公司法」來規範公司的行為,遂於一九九三年十二月二十九日通過「中華人民共和國公司法」(自一九九四年七月一日起施行),該「公司法」中,規定有限責任公司是大陸公司形態中的一種重要形式。 對於有限責任公司的股東人數,各國立法規定並不相同,有些國家的有限責任公司立法作出明確規定,允許設立一人公司,但某些國家的「公司法」則不承認一人公司。而另外有些國家的有限責任公司立法對股東人數訂有上限。就大陸一般有限責任公司股東人數而言,由大陸公司法條文規定可看出,有限責任公司股東人數既有上限,又有下限。對股東資格而言,在外國,對一般股東的資格,無論是自然人,法人或者國家,大部份都無限制;而在大陸,依法可成為股東的包括自然人,法人和政府(國家)。 再者,本文討論大陸國有企業的有限責任公司化改造的特色。在大陸雖然有限責任公司是新建的,但絕大多數的公司都是由現存的國有企業改造的,因此,若考慮到大陸社會主義經濟體制的特色,公司法對大陸的企業制度改革的影響確實是全面性的,該法肯定了大陸企業改革方向並使之具有法律保障。大陸國有企業轉型為公司型態之後,公司法確立了股份制公司的獨立自然人,法人和政府(國家)地位,公司與政府之間是民事關係,國家僅作為股東之一。大陸正式確立社會主義市場經濟體制之後,要求建立和完善社會主義市場經濟管理法制化的呼聲日益高漲,公司法的施行可進而保證日後公司的管理與運作有法律可以依循。 |
英文摘要 | A limited company generally refers to a company that is composed of a certain number of shareholders who take limited responsibilities in proportion to their investment amount, and the company assumes the whole debt with its all assets. However, the Company Law of P.R.C. has not defined the limited company in explicit legal terms. As for the evolution of the limited company in Mainland China, before the P.R.C. was established, the national government's industrial and commercial enterprises adopted the organization form of the limited company; after 1949, the economic system in Mainland China has become a mixed one blending the traditional economics and market economics. As the incessant economic development and the deepgoing reform of economic system, a “Company Law” is urgent to stipulate business behaviors. Therefore, the P.R.C Company Law was passed on Dec. 29, 1993 and put in force from July 1, 1994. In that "Company Law", the limited company is regulated as an important form among company types in Mainland China. The number of shareholders in a limited company is set differently in many countries. Some countries makes clear law on the limited company and allow the one-person company while others do not recognize the oneperson company. On the other hand, some countries set up a ceiling on the number of shareholders of the limited company. As for the number of shareholders of general limited companies in Mainland China, the “Company Law" regulates the number of shareholders with both a ceiling and a floor. As for the qualifications of shareholders, in foreign countries, there is almost no limit to the natural body, the public body or the country as general shareholders while in Mainland China, only the natural body, the public body and the government ( the country) can be shareholders Furthermore, this article discusses the characteristics of reform on the state-owned limited companies in Mainland China. In Mainland China, although most limited companies are newly established, most are reorganized from existing state-owned business. Therefore, considering the characteristics of its Socialism economic system, the impact of the "Company Law" on the business system reform is overall. The Company Law consents the reform direction of business in P.R.C. and stateguards it by law. The state-owned business turning into the company type, the "Company Law" clearly defines the independent status of the natural body, the public body and the government (the country) in a stock-owned company. The relation between the company and the government is relating to civil law and the country is only to be one of shareholders. After the Mainland China formally established the Socialism market economic system, the voice that calls for establishing and perfecting the legalization of management in socialism market economics has got louder and louder. The enforcement of the Company Law assures that the management and operation of a company can be judged by the law. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。