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題 名 | 企業改私、集團改股--從山東B鎮的股份(合作)制經驗論私有化問題 |
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作 者 | 方孝謙; | 書刊名 | 國立政治大學社會學報 |
卷 期 | 29 1999.10[民88.10] |
頁 次 | 頁33-51 |
分類號 | 553.61 |
關鍵詞 | 股份制; 股份合作制; 私有化; 地方公有制; Share-holding system; Share-holding cooperative system; Corporatism; Privatization; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 解釋中國改革經濟,有兩種觀點:「地方公有制」與「非正式私有化」。這兩種 觀點至少還同意,90 年代的中國農村已出現私有化的趨勢。 但是主張地方公有制的學者, 則強調這股趨勢仍被地方政權牢牢控制;而主張非正式私有化的人,反而重視共產黨員透過 股份制的運作,積極推動鄉鎮企業私有化的動力。本文針對兩種觀點的差異,希望透過山東 B 鎮實施股份制的案例加以斟酌。從在山東搜集的田地調查資料顯示:第一,現時盛行的股 份制與股份合作制的最大差別,在於地方政權支持前制而不支持後制。第二,股份制與私有 化發生牽連的機制,在於轉變企業原有的集體資產為現金股搭配免費股的組合,從而把公有 資產逐漸轉入私人,尤其是經理階層,的掌中。由股份制建立起來的私有化態勢,就山東 B 鎮的資料來看,不能說是仍被地方政權所牢牢控制著。反而是它的衝勁十足,不斷要求資本 市場的開放而具滲透社會主義中國的潛能。所以本文的資料,傾向於支持「非正式私有化」 的觀點。 |
英文摘要 | A minimal agreement between two theoretical perspectives, local state corporatism and privatization, lies in the recognition that incipient formal privatization is taking hold in rural China during the 90s. While the corporatists insist that this privatization is stringently contained within local governmental jurisdiction, the other camp finds in the share-holding system a seed, protected by the Chinese Communists, that can grow into the full-bloomed privatization of rural enterprises. This paper intends to respond to these controversies with a case study of the share-holding system in a township in Shantong. Form the fieldwork materials, we suggest, first, that the share-holding system differs from the share-holding cooperative system primarily in the local government's attitude to support privatization in the former but not in the latter. Second, the shareholding system is further connected to privatization by means of turning an enterprise's public assets into a portfolio of cash shares and free shares for individuals, especially for the managerial stratum. And, finally, this privatization does not seem to be able to be contained within the jurisdiction of the local government, as the local state corporatism perspective suggests. Rather, it is an expanding force that calls for the establishment of the capital market and thus it penetrates into the deep-root of the socialist China. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。