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題名 | 大豆光期試驗=Studies on Photoperiodism of Soybeans |
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作者姓名(中文) | 施保華; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 47 民53.09 |
頁次 | 頁37-48 |
關鍵詞 | 大豆; 光期試驗; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本報告係包括兩項試驗所得之結果,茲分別摘要述之如下: (一)光期長度不同對大豆營養生長及生殖生長之影響: 1. 營養生長方面:(1)大豆之植株高度,隨每日光期時數之增加而增加。光期在13?小時以下各處理,植株一經開花之後,伸長生長迅?停止;光期在13?~14小時各處理,植株開花後伸長生長稍受抑制,但並不停止;光期在14?小時以上各處理,植株始終保持高速度之伸長率(表1)。(2)節間長度,除光期極長及極短處理間差異極顯著之外,光期12~17小時之間各處理,差異並不甚明顯(表2)。每株平均節數隨光期之加長而顯著增加(表3)。在較短光期下,植株一經開花結實,?停止產生新節間。在每日24小時連續照明下,每週可產生兩個新節間,每日最高伸長速率可達5.36 cm.。 (3) 光期愈長,分枝之發生亦愈遲,但最後之總分枝數亦愈多(表4)。至於葉面積之大小,則隨光期時數之增加而顯著增加,最短光期(8小時)與最長光期(24小時)二者葉片大小之差異,幾達六倍(表5)。 2. 生殖生長方面:(1)每日光期在13?小時以下各處理,植株可以正常開花,並可正常結實;在13?小時以上至14小時各處理,植株可以開花,但所開之花均不能發育成莢果;光期在14小時以上直至24小時各處理,植株均永不開花,僅長期保持其營養生長。可見大豆之生殖生長,具有兩個明顯之臨界光期:一為結實臨界光期,光照在13?至13?小時之間;一為開花臨界光期,光照時數在14~14?小時之間(表6及圖2)。凡光期數超過上述臨界點時,?不能開花,或不能結實。(2)短光期可促進大豆早熟,光期8及10小時開花最早,14小時者開花最遲,兩者相差幾達兩週(表6)。(3)光期12小時者開花最多,短於或長於12小時,開花數均逐漸減少(表6)。(4)每株結莢數以光期12?小時者為最多,光期過短或過長,均使結莢數減少(表7)。(5)在10~12?小時中發育之種粒最大,光期愈長種粒亦愈小(表7)。此可以說明夏作大豆之種子千粒重較春作或秋作者為小之原因。 (二)大豆花芽分化期之測定: 在12小時光期下(春播大豆花芽分化時之光期約與此相若),百美豆之花芽分化及開花時期示之如表8及表9: 1. 植後25~28日之間開始分化花芽。 2. 花芽發育成花所需之時間,隨當時之光期長度有顯著差異。如當時之光期始終保持12小時,則自花源(Flower primordia)發育成為花,約需11~14日。若當時之光期增長,則發育成花所需之時間亦隨之增長。故同一大豆品種在不同季節栽培時,其生育日數不同,原因在此。 3. 植後25日起雖已開始分化花芽,但大量分化工作則在植後30日以後。 |
英文摘要 | This report contained the result of two photoperiodic tests on soybeans. The material used in the tests was a soybean variety Palmetto. (a) To observed the effect of different day-length on the vegetative and reproductive growth of soybeasn which were growing under daily photoperiods of 8, 10, 12, 12?, 13, 13?, 13?, 13?, 14, 14?, 15, 17, 20 and 24 hours. (b) Soybean plants were transferred to long-day (24-hour photoperiod daily) environment after they have separately grown in a short-day condition of 12-hour photoperiod daily for 13, 16, 18, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, and 37 days to determine the differentiating time of floral buds of soybeans. The result of the two tests were summarized as follows: Ⅰ. The effect of different length of photoperiod on the vegetative growth of soybeans: 1. The longer daily photoperiod the soybeans were exposed, the higher the elongating rate of the plants obtained. All the plants of the treatments which could normally blossom and fruit (daily photoperiod at and below 13? hrs.) stopped to elongate when the flower started to develop, which could normally blossom but could not fruit (daily photoperiod between 13?-14 hrs. ) the elongation of the stem was temporarily inhibited but not stopped, and which could never blossom (daily photoperiod more than 14? hrs.) kept high elongating rate constantly. (Tab. 1, Fig.1). 2. The length of internodes and number of nodes of the stem increased with the increase of daily photoperiod. No more nodes were developed after the plants had blossomed. (Table 2, 3.). 3. The longer the daily photoperiod was, the later the branches occurred, but the more the final number of branched obtained. The leaf area increased with the increase of daily photoperiod. (Table 4, 5). Ⅱ. The effect of different length of photoperiod on the reproductive growth of soybeans: 1. when the daily photoperiod was at and less than 13? to 14 hrs. the soybean plants could normally blossom and fruit. When the photoperiod was between 13? to 14 hrs., they might blossom but the ovaries could not develop into pods. The plants could never blossom under the daily photoperiod of 14? hrs. and more. So there were two critical photoperiods in the soybean reproductive growth: one was FRUITING CRITICAL PHOTOPERIOD, located between 13? to 13? hrs.; the other was FLOWERING CRITICAL PHOTOPERIOD, located bewteen 14 to 14? hrs. If the daily photoperiod surpassed the critical point, the plants could not flower of fruit. (Table 6, fig. 2). 2. Shorter photoperiod might promote the soybean premature. The shorter the daily photoperiod was, the earlier the flower developed. (Table 6). 3. The lagest number of flowers developed was obtained at 12 hrs. daily photoperiod, more or less than 12 hrs., the flower number would decrease successively. (Table 6). 4. The largest number of pods developed on each plant was obtained from those of 12? hrs. dialy photoperiod, more or less than 12? hrs., the pods developed would decrease. (Table 7). 5. The seeds developed in shorter photoperiod (10 to 12 hrs. daily) were larger than those developed in longer photoperiod. (Table 7) It would be the reason why the 1,000-seed weight of soybean from spring and fall crops (growing in short-day season) was usually much heavier than that from summer crop (growing in long-day season) here in Taiwan. Ⅲ. The differentiating period of floral buds of soybeans: 1. Under the condition of 12 hrs. daily photoperiod the floral buds of soybean variety palmetto would initiate to differentiate between 25 to 28 days after planting.(Table 9). 2. The duration needed for developing from a floral primordium to a flower would obviously vary according to the length of daily photoperiod subjected. For example, when the photoperiod was 12 hrs. daily, 11-14 days would be neccessary for the development of a flower. The longer the photoperiod was, the more the day for developing needed. (Table 6, 9). 3. Some of floral buds might begin to differentiate on 25 days after sowing, however, most of them were initiated on 30 or more days after sowing. (Table 9). |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。