頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 落花生的吸水經過與節水灌溉之研究=Studies on the Processing of Water Absorption and Economized Irrigation of Peanuts |
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作 者 | 蘇匡基; 陳春齡; 徐三吉; 曾明傳; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 45 民53.03 |
頁 次 | 頁31-40 |
關鍵詞 | 落花生; 吸水; 節水灌溉; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 利用水田節餘水量以一次灌溉用於落花生栽培提高其產量為目的,於民國52年2月8月以落花生品種臺南六號為材料,利用附自動給水裝置之木箱栽培;調查其生育期間之吸水經過與試驗生育期別乾旱處理對落花生之影響。另在田間舉行灌溉時期與灌溉水量對落花生之生育及收量試驗。上述三項試驗結果摘錄如次: (一)春作落花生其吸水經過,在始花期前(播種後1~30日)吸水量較少,在始花期至開花盛期(31~60日)吸水量急增至最大吸水量,莢果肥大期(播種後60日以後)維持此最大吸水量至收穫。如以每五天吸水率(五天吸水量總吸水量)表示始花前約2%,始花期至開花盛期由3%急增至7~8%以後維持7~8%之吸水率至收穫,另根據本試驗測定春作落花生之需水量為317cc。 (二)生育時期別乾旱處理結果以開花盛期(播種後50日)為中心之始花期至結實初期(30~70日)對乾旱之抵抗性最弱。如以開花盛期為中心,吸水量多之生育後期比吸水量少之生育前期乾旱影響較大。乾旱臨界期間之斷水會減少成熟莢數及剝實率致使收量顯著的減少(在5%水準顯著)。 (三)在乾旱期間,生育期間別一次灌溉時以播種後50日(開花盛期)灌溉區收量最高(在1%水準顯著)。如以開花盛期為中心,後期灌溉區(?65日)。較前期灌溉區灌溉效果大(其差異在5%水準顯著)。以Israelson 公式計算之灌溉水量為100時,其60~100%間隨灌溉水量之增加,收量亦增多但統計上其差異不顯著。灌溉區比無灌溉者平均增收73~83%(1%水準顯著)。 綜合上述結果,落花生在春作乾旱期間栽培,而以落花生所要求之最少水量,而期獲得最大收量時,應在開花盛期至結實初期之間灌溉一次40mm為佳。 |
英文摘要 | For the purpose of effective utiliztion of surplus water from paddy field, the studies of economized irrigation were conducted at Tainan DAIS from February to August in 1963. The studies consisted of (1) the processing of water absorption during growing period, (2) the drought treatment at different growing stages and (3) the times and amounts of irrigation on peanut yields. The test (1) and (2) were conducted on the waterproof wooden box with automatic water supply equipment as shown in Fig.1. The test (3) was carried out on the field. The variety, Tainan No.6 (Spanish type) was used for the tests. The experimental results were as follows: (1) Water absorption was relatively little before flowering (about 1 to 30 days after sowing), and rapid increasing of absorption was observed from the beginnig to peak flowering stage (about 30 to 60 days after sowing ). After the development of pods (about 60 days after sowing ) the maximum absorption had been maintained until the maturity. As shown in absorption rate (amount of water absorbed for every five days/total amount of water absorebed during growing period), before flowering the absorption rate was only 2%, beginning to peak flowering stage was increased from 3% to 7-8% and the rate had been maintained 7-8% until the maturity. According to the result, the water requirement of spring peanuts was 317cc. (2) From the result of drought treatment at different growing stages, the most susceptoble period to drought (critical period) was considered at the period centered around the peak flowering stage (about 50 days after sowing). The periods after the peak flowering, which absorbed more water than the early stage, was more suspectible to drought than the periods before the peak flowering stage, which absorbed less water than the late stages. The suspension of water supply during the critical period decreased the number of flowers in treated period, number of mature pods and shelling percent. Consequently the yield of peanuts was decreased significantly (significant at 5% level). (3) In severe drought of spring, only one irrigation of 40 mm showed the highest peanut yield among the times of irrigation (significant at 1% level). The plots irrigated after the peak flowering stage produced more effect on peanut yield than the plots irrigated before the peak flowering stage (significant at 5% level) . The yield was increased with the increasing amount of irrigation water, but the differences between the amounts of water were not significant statistically. The irrigated peanuts showed 73-83% more yield than the no irrigation (significant at 1% level). On the conclusion of the abovementioned results, when we grown the peanuts in drying period of spring and expected the maximum yield with the least required amount of water to peanuts, one irrigation of 40mm water should be applied at the peak flowering stage to early fruiting stage, which is about 50 to 60 days after sowing. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。