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題名 | Life History Studies of the Flightless Marine Midges Pontomyia spp.(Diptera: Chironomidae)=海生搖蚊(Pontomyia屬)之生活史研究 |
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作者 | 宋克義; 陳國芳; 曹俊仁; | 書刊名 | 動物研究學刊 |
卷期 | 38:4 1999.10[民88.10] |
頁次 | 頁466-473 |
分類號 | 387.795 |
關鍵詞 | 海生搖蚊; 羽化; 搖蚊科; Marine insects; Eclosion; Intertidal; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本研究於民國81年及85年調查了臺灣南部兩種海生搖蚊Pontomyia oceana(大洋搖蚊)及P. natans(海洋搖蚊)的羽化週期。P. oceana僅在新月及滿月前後幾天出現, P. natans每天都採集得到,後者在傍晚出現,前者總是在日落後才羽化,P. oceana在夏天羽化時間較早,與冬天可相差達3小時以上,兩種搖蚊出現時間的重疊也由此因季節而異。P. oceana一天中羽化的時間不受潮水的誘發,而日出、日落可能是控制的關鍵,藉由羽化日期和時間的控制可使P. oceana都在晚間低潮前羽化。本調查期間未曾採集到P. natans的雌性成蟲,而P. oceana則可由採回成蚊所產的受精卵在實驗室中完成生活史。P. oceana 的受精卵約4天孵化,經4期幼蟲、結蛹而後羽化,每代需時三十天。雄蟲比雌蟲早一小時孵化,羽化後可活動約兩小時,因此雌蟲開始羽化時正是雄蚊密度最高的時間。雄蚊的存在可促進浮上水面雌蛹的羽化。 |
英文摘要 | The emergence of the marine midges, Pontomyia natans and P. oceana, was investigated in southern Taiwan in 1992 and 1996. P. oceans emerged after sunset and only on evenings near the new moon or the full moon, whereas P. natans emerged near dusk on every collection day. The mean emergence time of P. oceana varied by more than 3 h, being earlier in summer than in winter. The overlap in emergence times of the 2 species thus depended upon the season. Light conditions, i.e., the time of sunrise and sunset may be the proximate factors controlling emergence in P. oceana. Limiting emerging dates and times of P. oceana may be an adaptation for controlling the adults to lay eggs only during low tides at night. The tide, however, does not cue the diurnal emergence of the midges. Fertilized eggs of P. oceana were collected in the field for study in the laboratory. Larvae hatched in about 4 d at 25 ℃, and 4 instars were necessary before the final emergence. The generation time was around 30 d. Males emerged about 1 h earlier than females. Since an adult remained active tor only about 2 h, peak occurrence of males was found to coincide with peak eclosion of females. Moreover, the presence of males was important for the successful eclosion of females from their pupae, as demonstrated in the laboratory. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。