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題名 | 1998年瑞伯颱風所誘發焚風對宜蘭地區水稻白穗影響之調查研究=Studies on the Effect of Foehn on Rice Sterility Induced by Typhoon Zeb in the I-Lan Area in 1998 |
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作者 | 李祿豐; | 書刊名 | 中華農業氣象 |
卷期 | 6:1 1999.01[民88.01] |
頁次 | 頁31-40 |
分類號 | 434.111 |
關鍵詞 | 焚風; 相對濕度; 風速; 白穗率; Foehn; Relative humidity; Wind speed; Rice sterility; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 1998年10月16日至17日瑞伯颱風通過臺灣東部海域,在宜蘭地區誘發焚風現象。 焚風發生時間夜間相對濕度降低至61%,氣溫上升2℃,風速增加至每秒16m,風向亦由 西北風急速轉向為南風系統。經分析最高氣溫與相對濕度及露點溫度之間分別呈極顯著 負相關。其相關係數分別為r=-0.843(P<0.01)及-0.774(P<0.01),而夜間風速則與氣溫呈 正相關,r=0.746(P<0.01)。表示焚風來臨時氣溫與相對濕度之間有巨大差異,致使第二 期作正值抽穗期之水稻普遍受害發生白穗。經調查全縣稻作損害程度為43%,受害稻田 面積廣達378 ha。水稻豐歉預測試驗供試三品種之平均白穗率為23.9%。�瓟_田間試驗 20品種(系)之平均白穗率為27.2%,受砉白穗重量僅0.46 g與正常穗之差異呈極顯著水 準。由白穗率與正常稻穗之相關分析顯示,白穗率與正常穗率及一株平均穗重和全株穗 重之間呈顯著負相關。早熟稻種(或較早抽穗之水稻)白穗率較少,其原因為焚風來襲時 早熟稻之生育已進入乳熟期階段,完全逃避焚風之侵襲。 |
英文摘要 | Typhoon Zeb had passed through eastern coast of Taiwan in the period from October 16 to 17 (1997), and induced foehn phenomena in I-Lan area. When foehn occurred at night, the relative humidity decreased to 61%, the air temperature increased 2 ℃, the wind speed increased to 16 sec �笐�, and the direction of wind turned rapidly from north-west to south. There is negative relationship observed between air temperature (℃ ) and relative humidity (r= -0.843, P<0.01), and dew-point temperature (r=-0.774, P<0.01). However, the relationship of air temperature and wind speed is significant positively (r=0.746,P<0.01). It indicated that when foehn occurred at the stage of rice blossom, the drastic change in air temperature and relative humidity resulted in sterility in rice. There were 43% (378 hectares) of the rice production area damaged in I-Lan area. In the yield-prediction field, there was averagely 23.9% damage found in three rice varieties. There were 20 Japonica type rice varieties (or breeding lines) grown in breeding field, and the average damaged was 27.2%. The weight of a damaged spike is 0.46 g, which is significantly different from a normal one. There was a negative relationship between sterile and normal spikes in sterility, the average spike weight, and the and the total weight, yet only few sterility observed in earlier rice varieties. When foehn occurred, the growing stage of early-maturing varieties was just in the early maturing stage escaping from foehn damage. |
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