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題名 | 非水平地表面擬似譜法逆時移位技術研究「重合前」=Nonflat Surface Pseudospectral Reverse Time Migration(Pre-Stack) |
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作者 | 徐祥宏; 李重毅; 宣大衡; | 書刊名 | 探採研究彙報 |
卷期 | 21 1998.11[民87.11] |
頁次 | 頁145-156 |
分類號 | 452.7 |
關鍵詞 | 重合前深度移位; 非水平地表面擬似譜法重合前逆時移位; 動態規劃法; 靜態修正; 重合後深度移位; Pre-stack depth migration; Nonflat surface pseudospectral pre-stack reverse time migration; Dynamic programming apprach; Staic correction; Post-stack depth migration; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 傳統 CMP 重合處理之主要目的在於獲得一近似零支鉅之最終重合剖面,而後續 之重合後時間移位目的在將重合剖面中之震波能量移回至正確之地下位置以獲得更準確之地 下震波影像,然而當地下構造複雜具有顯著橫向速度變化時,重合後時間移位會有所缺失產 生,而重合後深度移位可改進此缺失, 但此時 CMP 重合所產生之最終重合剖面無法有效近 似於零支距剖面,因此即使應用重合後深度移位亦無法重建完整而準確之地下震波影像,而 重合前深度移位是目前物探界公認最可能最適宜克服複雜構造問題之技術,而重合前逆時移 位是一對複雜構造有相當可適性之深度移位技術,麓山帶地區是臺灣陸上油氣探勘重點所在 ,然而此種地區不僅地下構造較為複雜,其地表地形之起伏變化亦較大,因此傳統靜修正會 有所誤差產生,而此誤差包含於後續之重合前深度移位處理中,將影響其最終之成像品質與 結果之正確性,因此能將靜態修正隱含於移位中,直接於不規則之地表面進行重合前深度移 位之技術,有其事實之需要,本文參考有關之方法,自行開發與建立非水平地表面動態規劃 法震波走時計算技術以及非水平地表面逆時波場外插技術,進而依據成像條件,完成非水平 地表面擬似譜法重合前逆時移位技術之建立,經由多種含不規則地表面地質模型之合成震波 資料測試結果,顯示此非水平地表面擬似譜法重合前逆時移位技術具有相當良好之準確度與 可靠性,可作為麓山帶地區震測資料特殊處理之用。 |
英文摘要 | The main objective of conventional CMP stacking processing is to obtain a final stack section approximate to a zero-offset section. The goal of subsequent post-stack time migration is to gain more accurate seismic image of the subsurface by moving seismic energy in the final section back to the correction position. Post-stack time migration will yeild drawbacks as the structure of the subsurface is complicated to have remarkable lateral velocity variations. Post-stack depth migration can accommodate itself to lateral velocity variations and can correct the drawbacks yielded by post-stack time migration. Because the final stack section obatined from CMP stacking can not effectively approximate a zero-offset section in the above-mentioned case, post-stack depth migration can not even reconstruct complete and accurate seismic image of the subsurface. Pre-stack detph migration is accepted as a technique that is most probable and most suitable to overcome the problems about complex structures. The main targets of hydrocarbon exploration in onshore Taiwan are in the foothill areas where the structures in the subsurface are more complex and the topographic reliefs on the surface are more severe. The conventional static correction will yield errors in the foothill areas. These errors involved in the pre-stack depth migraction will affect the quality of the final depth image and the accuracy of the result. Therefore the technique that can implicitly involve static correction in the migration and can perform pre-stack depth migration directly on the topographic surface is necessary in fact. By refering to the releated methods the technique of nonflat surface dynamic programming approach for traveltime calculation as well as the technique of nonflat surface reverse time wavefield extrapolation have been developed and established. According to image condition, the establishment of nonflat surface pseudospectral pre-stack reverse time migration has been completed. Through migration tests of synthetic data of various geological models, the results reveal that this nonflat surface pseudospectral pre-stack reverse time migration technique has fairly good accuracy as well as reliability, and can serve as special processing of seismic data in foothill areas. |
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