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題 名 | 擬似譜法逆時移位技術研究及其在資料處理系統上之應用(2/2)--重合前逆時移位技術研究=Study of Pseudospectral Reverse Time Migration and its Application to Data Processing System (2/2)-Pre-Stack Reverse Time Migration |
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作 者 | 徐祥宏; | 書刊名 | 探採研究彙報 |
卷 期 | 20 1997.11[民86.11] |
頁 次 | 頁350-361 |
分類號 | 457.2 |
關鍵詞 | 重合前深度移位; 重合前逆時移位; 動態規劃法; 擬似譜法; Pre-stack depth migration; Pre-stack reverse time migration; Dynamic programming approach; Pseudospectral method; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 對於具有顯著橫向速度變化之複雜地下構造,傳統之CMP重合處理及後續之時間移 位,皆無法獲得準確之地層震波影像,而重合後深度移位配合可靠之地層震波速度,雖 可提供更準確之地下震波影像,然而由於顯著之橫向速度變化以及地層傾角之影響,導 致CMP重合資料含有某種程度之失真,如此使得後續之重合後深度移位,亦無法重建完 整而準確之地下震波影像,針對上述重合後移位技術之不足,乃有重合前深度移位之問 世,重合前深度移位是物探界公認最可能、最適宜克服複雜構造問題之技術,而臺灣陸 上油氣探勘之重點目標已趨向地表起伏較大,地下具有複雜斷層構造之麓山帶與其前緣 地區,而在此地區欲獲得品質足敷震測構造解釋所需之震測資料,重合前深度移位技術 之持續發展與應用是不容忽略。 逆時移位為一深度移位技術,它適用於地層傾角陡峭,速度對比強烈之地質情況, 本研究依據有關理論與方法,進行重合前逆時移位技術之建立,依據重合前深移位之 成像原理,重合前逆時移位係由三大步驟所構成,一為震源場之傳播時間計算,二為地 表記錄波場之後向傳播,三為成像條件之構成,對於震源場之傳播時間計算,本研究依 據Schneider(1992)建立動態規劃法震波走時計算技術,經多種模型測試,顯示與震波 傳播理論符合,可作為重合前逆時移位之震源傳播時間計算工具,對於地表記錄波場之 後向傳播,本研究依據相關理論與方法,建立擬似譜法逆時波場外插技術,進而結合上 述二步驟,依據成像條件,完成重合前逆時移位技術之建立,經由多種地質模型之合成 震波資料測試結果,顯示此重合前逆時移位技術具有相當良好之準確度與可靠性,而海 域實際震測資料之測試結果顯示此移位技術已具可用性,然欲提昇其實效性,尚須配合 重合前移位速度分析技術之建立。 |
英文摘要 | For complex structures with remarkable lateral velocity variations, only CMP stacking and subsequent time migration can not obtain accurate seismic image of the subsurface. Post-stack depth migration can provide more accurate seismic image of the subsurface by giving reliable seismic velocities. Owing to the remarkable lateral velocity variations and the effects of formation dips, the CMP stacking data contain distortions to certain degree. Thus, the subsequent post-stack depth migration can not reconstruct complete and accurate seismic image of the subsurface. Aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies of the post-stack migration techniques, the pre-stack depth migration has been developed. Prestack depth migration is a technique that is accepted as most probable and most suitable to overcome the problems about complex structures. The important targets of hydrocarbon exploration in the onshore areas in Taiwan have been in the foothill and frontal areas where the topographic reliefs are more severe and the fault structures in the subsurface are more complex. To obtain seismic data of which quality is demanded for seismic structural interpretation in the aforementioned areas, continuous development and application of pre-stack depth migration can not be neglected. Reverse time migration is a depth migration technique and is suitable for geological structures with steep dips as well as strong velocity contrasts. According to the related theories and methods, establishement of pre-stack reverse time migration technique is progressed in this study. In accordance with the imaging principle of the pre-stack depth migration, the pre-stack depth migraton is constituted by three major steps. The first is the traveltime computation of source wavefield. The second is the backward propagation of wavefield recorded on the surface. The third is the constitution of imaging condition. For traveltime computation of source wavefield, the dynamic programming approach to travelatime computation has been established according to Schneider (1992). Through tests of various geological models, the results are in accordance with the theories of seismic wave propogation and reveal that this technique can serve as a tool for traveltime computation of source wavefiled in prestack reverse time migration. For backward propagation of wavefield recorded on the surface, the technique of pseudospectral reverse time wavefiled textrapolation has been established according to the related theories and methods. Through combination of the above-mentioned two steps, establishment of pre-strack reverse time migration technique has been completed according to the imaging principle. From migration tests of synthetic data of various goological models, the results reveal that this prestack reverse time migration technique has good accuracy as well as reliability, and that from migration of offshore field data, the results also reveal its availability for real data. In order to enhance the effectiveness of this migration, the technique of pre-stack migration velocity analysis must be established. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。