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題 名 | 震測資料擬似譜法重合前逆時移位技術研究=Study of Pseudospectral Reverse Time Migration and its Application of Data Processing System (2/2)-Pre-Stack Reverse Time Migration |
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作 者 | 徐祥宏; 宣大衡; 梁守謙; | 書刊名 | 石油鑽採工程 |
卷 期 | 39 1998.12[民87.12] |
頁 次 | 頁92-103 |
分類號 | 457.2 |
關鍵詞 | 重合前深度移位; 重合前逆時移位; 動態規劃法; 擬似譜法; Pre-stack depth migration; Pre-stack reverse time migration; Dynamic programming approach; Pseudospectral method; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 對於具有顯著橫向速度變化之複雜地下構造,傳統 CMP 重合處理及後續之時間移 位,皆無法獲得準確之地層震波影像,而重合後深度移位配合可靠之地層震波速度,雖可提 供更準確之地下震波影像, 然而由於顯著之橫向速度變化以及地層傾角之影響, 導致 CMP 重合資料含有某種程度之失真,如此使得後續之重合後深度移位,亦無法重建完整而準確之 地下震波影像,針對上述重合後移位技術之不足,乃有重合前深度移位之問世。重合前深度 移位是物探界公認最可能、最適宜克服複雜構造問題之技術,而臺灣陸上油氣探勘之重點目 標已趨向地表起伏較大,地下具有複雜斷層構造之麓山帶與其前緣地區,而在此地區欲獲得 品質足敷震測構造解釋所需之震測資料,重合前深度移位技術之持續發展與應用是不容忽略 的。 逆時移位為一深度移位技術,它適用於地層傾角陡峭,速度對比強烈之地質情況,本研究依 據有關理論與方法,進行重合前逆時移位技術之建立,依據重合前深度移位之成像原理,重 合前逆時移位係由三大步驟所構成,一為震源場之傳播時間計算,二為地表記錄波場之後向 傳播,三為成像條件之構成。對於震源場之傳播時間計算,本研究依據 Schneider ( 1992 )建立動態規劃法震波走時計算技術,經多種模型測試,顯示與震波傳播理論符合,可作為 重合前逆時移位之震源傳播時間計算工具。對於地表記錄波場之後向傳播,本研究依據相關 理論與方法,建立擬似譜法逆時波場外插技術,進而結合上述二步驟,依據成像條件,完成 重合前逆時移位技術之建立。經由多種地質模型之合成震波資料測試結果,顯示此重合前逆 時移位技術具有相當良好之準確度與可靠性,而海域實際震測資料之測試結果顯示移位技術 已具可用性,然欲提昇其實效性,尚須配合重合前移位速度分析技術之建立。 |
英文摘要 | For complex structures with remarkable lateral velocity variations, only CMP stacking and subsequent time migration can not obtain accurate seismic image of the subsurface. Post-stack depth migration can provide more accurate seismic image of the subsurface by giving reliable seismic velocities. Owing to the remarkable lateral velocity variations and the effects of formation dips, the CMP stacking data contain distortions to certain degree. Thus, the subsequent post-stack deph migration can not reconstruct complete and accurate seismic image of the subsurface. Aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies of the post-stack migration techniques, the pre-stack depth migration has been developed. Prestack depth migration is a technique that is accepted as most probable and most suitable to overcome the problems about complex sturctures. The important targets of hydrocarbon explortion in the onshore areas in Taiwan have been in the foothill and frontal areas where the topographic reliefs are more severe and the fault structures in the subsurface are more complex. To obtain seismic data of which quality is demanded for seismic structural interpre in the aforementioned areas, continuous development and application of pre-stack depth migration can not be neglected. Reverse time migration is depth migration technique and is suitable for geological structures with steep dips as well as strong velocity contrasts. According to the related theories and methods, establishment of prestack reverse time migration technique is progressed in this study. In accordance with the imaging principle of the pre-stack depth migration, the pre-stack depth migraton is constituted by three major steps. The first is the traveltime computation of source wavefield. The second is the backward propagation of wavefield recorded on the surface. The third is the constitution of imaging condition. For traveltime computation of source wavefield, the dynamic programming approach to traveltime computation has been established according to Schneider (1992). Through tests of various geological models, the results are in accordance with the theories of seismic wave propogation and reveal that this technique can serve as a tool for travltime computation of source wavefiled in prestack reverse time migration. For backward propagation of wavefield recorded on the surface, the technique of pseudospectral reverse time wavefiled extrapolation has been established according to the related theories and methods. Through combination of the above-mentioned two steps, establishment of prestack reverse time migration technique has been completed according to the imaging principle. From migration tests of synthetic data of various geological models, the results reveal that this prestack reverse time migration technique has good accuracy as well as reliability, and that from migration of offshore field data, the results also reveal its availability for real data. In order to enhance the effectiveness of this migration, the technique of prestack migration velocity analysis must be established. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。