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題名 | 葡萄枝枯病之病徵、病原菌及藥劑篩選=The Symptomatology, Causual Agent of Grape Dead Arm Disease and Its Fungicide Screenign |
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作者 | 郭克忠; 高清文; 呂理燊; Kuo, K. C.; Kao, C. W.; Leu, L. S.; |
期刊 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
出版日期 | 19980900 |
卷期 | 40:3 1998.09[民87.09] |
頁次 | 頁189-197 |
分類號 | 435.38 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 葡萄; 枝枯病; 葡萄巨胞擬莖點霉; Grape; Dead arm; Phomopsis vitimegaspora kuo and leu; |
中文摘要 | 葡萄枝枯病主要危害葡萄枝條,造成枝枯或腫瘤,嚴重者全株枯死。病原菌在果粒及葉片上僅造成細小黑點(flecks)而無法形成大型病斑。感染葉脈或幼嫩枝條時則造成黑色壞疽,感染成熟枝條時則多自傷口侵入。人工接種盆栽巨峰、金香、黑后、義大利等葡萄栽培品種之當年生枝條,約需三至四個月才產生典型的枝枯病徵,但同樣方式接種梨枇杷、蕃石榴、桃等果樹則不造成病徵。本菌由Phomopsis sp.所引起,經鑑定為一新種,訂名Phomopsis vitimegaspora Kuo and Leu。本菌最適生長溫度在24-28 ℃之間。在病枝上或人工培養基上先產生分生孢子座腔,隨即產生α及β兩型分生孢子。α型孢子無色、單孢、長紡錘形、內具油滴,大小為(10-)13-18(-22) ×((3-)4-5(-6)um。在人工培養基上約 6 小時發芽率便可達50%以上。β型分生孢子無色、絲狀、長眉形(21-)26-34(-40)× O.5-lum,無法在人工環境下發芽。室內藥劑篩選,以克熱淨、護矽得、撲克拉錳及免賴得抑菌效果較佳;而比芬諾、鋅錳乃浦、快得寧則效果不佳。 |
英文摘要 | A severe dead arm disease on vines with unknown cause has occurred in Taiwan for over a decade. The symptoms was noted firstly as leaf chlorosis on infected canes together with shorter inter-node and smaller leaves. In the field, the disease mainly occurred on leaf scars and resulted black lesions at the infection sites which eventually produced conidiomata and served as secondary inoculum during rainy season. When occurred on trunks, the diseased tissues appeared as dark brown necrosis at the colonized part and sometimes, caused the tissue to deform. All commercial varieties such as Kyoho, Golden Muscat, Italia, and Black Queen were all sensitive to this fungus. The pathogen that caused this disease was originally misidentified as the commomly known dead arm pathogen: Phomopsis viticola that reported in other countries; however, a more close examination indicated that the pathogen was a new species of Phomopsis and was identified as Phomopsis vitmegaspora. The optimum temperature for this fungus was between 28-32 ℃. On medium it produced only few pycnidia with two types of conidia: α spores (10-)13-18(-22) × (3-)4-5(-6)um, hyaline, unicellular, fusiform to ellipsoid, guttulate. β spores (21-)26-34(-40) × 0.5-1 um, hyaline, filiform, curved. The inoculation test conducted in the green house indicated that the fungus only infected Vitis species but not other perennial fruit crops such as pear, loquat, guava and peach etc. A preliminary fungicide screening showed that befran, benomyl, flusilazol, and prochloraz Mn are highly effective while pyrifenox, mancozeb and oxine copper performed poorly against this fungus. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。