頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 論王陽明的最後定見=On the Final Views of Wang Yang-Ming |
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作 者 | 劉述先; | 書刊名 | 中國文哲研究集刊 |
卷 期 | 11 民86.09 |
頁 次 | 頁165-188 |
分類號 | 126.4 |
關鍵詞 | 王陽明; 錢德洪; 王龍溪; 劉宗周; 黃宗羲; 致良知; 四句教; Wang Yang-ming; Chien Te-hung; Wang Lung-hsi; Liu Tsung-chou; Huang Tsung-hsi; Chih-liang-chih; Four-sentence-teachings; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 黃宗羲《明儒學案》述王陽明學成以後三變,似乎是沒有問題的說法,二、三百年來並無異辭。但我發現,錢德洪的說法與之有異,只謂教亦三變,致良知即陽明最後定見。這種說法為《年譜》與《傳習錄》記載的天泉證道所謂四句教所證實。然陽明歿後,王龍溪撰〈天泉證道記〉,倡四無之旨,貶抑四有,以四句教為權法,乃平地起風波,引起日後無窮爭論。劉宗周雖處處與龍溪對反,卻認為陽明只是因病立方,致良知也只是權法,乃歸顯於密,倡誠意慎獨之旨。宗羲秉承乃師所教,將致良知教移前,以之為學成以後之第二變,並不以之為陽明最後定見,對陽明思想的理解造成了巨大的折曲。本文揭破了此一公案,並對於道統問題作出了觀察。 |
英文摘要 | In Huang Tsung-hsi's The Records of Ming Scholars it was reported that after Wang Yang-ming's enlightenment there were still three changes. Such an account was never questioned by scholars since the publication of Huang's work. But I discovered that Wang's immediate disciple Chien Te-hung had a different account, and only this account offered a true picture of Wang's thought. Chien took chih-liang-chih (extension of innate knowledge of good) to be the final views of Wang. This was confirmed by the so-called Four-sentence-teachings as recorded in Wang's Instructions for Practical Living and his chronology. But after Wang died, another immediate disciple of Yang-ming, Wang Lung-hsi, gave a very different account of the Four-sentence-teachings. He declared that these teachings were only expedient in nature, and the final views would have to be what he called Four-Negatives-teachings. This opened up endless debates on the issue. Liu Tsung-chou rejected almost everything Lung-hsi said, but he also thought that the teaching of chih-liang-chih was only expedient in nature, and he proposed to replace it with his own teachings of sincerity of the will and keeping vigilant in solitude. Huang Tsung-hsi inherited his teacher's views and moved the teaching of chih-liang-chih to the second stage after Yang-ming's enlightenment and did not regard it as Yang-ming's final views. His account produced a distortion in the understanding of Yang-ming's thought. This article for the first time exposes the distortion and also discusses the implications for the transmission of the so-called tao-tung (orthodox tradition of the Way). |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。