頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 芒果炭疽病之生物防治=Biological Control of Mango Anthracnose |
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作者 | 莊再揚; 安寶貞; Chuang, T. Y.; Ann, P. J.; |
期刊 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
出版日期 | 19970900 |
卷期 | 39:3 1997.09[民86.09] |
頁次 | 頁227-240 |
分類號 | 435.325 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 芒果; 炭疽病; 炭疽病菌; 生物防治; Mango; Anthracnose disease; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Biocontrol; |
中文摘要 | 於1993∼1996 年間,連續在室內及田間測試拮抗細菌與酵母菌對芒果炭疽病的防治效果。四株拮抗菌和五株拮抗酵母菌(包括 Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pichia ohmeri, Sporobolomyces sp.,及unidentified yeast)與病原菌同時接種於芒果傷口時,均能顯著抑制炭疽病斑的擴展,平均減少20%-45%,其中以B. subtilis(Tp-Tu311),P. fluorescens(TN-S221)與P. ohmeri(Y24-8)等三個拮抗菌株能穩定而有效的抑制病斑擴展。此三菌株在芒果開花時噴施於花穗上,Y24-8 能顯著提高著果率。套袋前將此三菌株噴施於芒果果實上,較殺菌劑Bavistin或Bavistin + oil更能減少採收後果實炭疽病的發生率。噴施拮抗菌並加以套袋的防治炭疽病效果較連續噴藥直到採收但不套袋者為佳。TN-S221,TP-Tu311與Y24-8三株拮抗菌若作果實的後熟處理,亦有減少發病的趨勢,而以Tp-Tu311效果較佳。測試拮抗菌Tp-Tu311,TN-S221與Y24-8對炭疽病菌菌絲生長與胞子發芽及附著器產生之影響,祗有Tp-Tu311會抑制菌絲生長,其餘兩者不會,且Tp-Tu311先在培養基培養一段時間後,再加入病原菌的抑制效果較佳。三株拮抗菌均不會抑制胞子發芽與附著器形成,但均會使其變形。Tp-Tu311的作用特別明顯,可使發芽管和附著器膨大如疣狀,Y24-8的作用不明顯,但會緊密貼附在胞子及發芽管的周圍。 |
英文摘要 | Antagonistic bacteria and yeasts were investigated for control of mango anthracnose disease in laboratory and in field during 1993-1996. Four antagonistic bacterium isolates and 5 yeast isolates, including Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pichia ohmeri, Sporobolomyces sp. and unidentified yeast, were individually assayed against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by coinoculating antagonist and pathogen in artificial wounds of mango fruits. Results showed that all test antagonists were able to inhibit lesion expansion of mango anthracnose significantly by reducing 20%-45% of lesion size in average. Among nine test antagonists, B.subtilis (Isolate Tp-Tu311), P. fluorescens (Isolate TN-S221 and P. ohmeri (Isolate Y24-8) were consistent and effective to inhibit lesion expasion at three separate experiments. Isolate Y24-8 significantly increased fruit set when these 3 antagonistic isolates were sprayed onto mango inflorescence. Compared with fungicide Bavistin and Bavistin+oil treatment, these antagonists also significantly reduced anthracnose development of ripening fruits after harvest when the fruit was sprayed with antagonists before bagging in field. Efficacy of control for mango anthracnose by spraying antagonists and bagging was better than by spraying fungicides but not bagging. Postharvest treatment of mango fruit with antagonists TN-S221, Tp-Tu311 and Y24-8 tended to decrease the anthracnose development and Tp-Tu311 was the best for controlling the disease. These 3 antagonists did not affect conidial germination and appressorial formation of the fungus, and only Tp-Tu311 inhibited mycelial growth. Swelling of germ tubes and appressoria was obviously occurred when Tp-Tu311 was added into conidial suspension of the fungus. However, this phenomenon was less observed in TN-S221 and Y24-8 treatment. Many cells of Y24-8 were able firmly to attach to spores and germ tubes of the pathogen. |
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