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題名 | 我國國小學生有關人體生理的認知模式研究=A Study on Children's Cognition about Human Physiology |
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作者 | 王美芬; | 書刊名 | 臺北市立師範學院學報 |
卷期 | 28 1997.06[民86.06] |
頁次 | 頁137-157 |
分類號 | 523.46 |
關鍵詞 | 國小學生; 人體生理; 認知模式; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 兒童對於自然科的認知歷程錯綜複雜。概念是認知結構的基模schemes,此認知結 構的內涵包括了認知內容和過程,本研究著重於認知內容,我國城鄉兩種學校常被認為教育 資源不等、學生家庭環境不同; 而這些因素在生物領域中,是否造成學生不同認知模式呢? 是值得探討的課題。本研究的目的,是探討國小四、五、六年級學生對於人體生理的概念認 知模式:1. 探討學生對於動物或人類運動方式的構造與功能互相配合的概念。2. 探討學生 對於人類消化、循環、呼吸、排泄、感覺系統的概念認知。 3. 比較城鄉學童、不同年級、 不同性別對於生物形態概念認知模式差異。研究者擬妥十八題開放性問答題,內容涵蓋廣泛 ,十八題題目分成六卷、每卷三題,每份試卷包含有關運動及人體生理之構造功能題目,於 城、鄉二類型學校抽取四、五、六年級三班、共 18 班, 每卷平均有 124 立學生接受測驗 。隨後個別訪談學生。研究者分析:1. 動物運動的概念認知。2. 有關人類生理的認知的模 式。 3. 有關內臟構造的認知模式。資料分析以城鄉學校、年級為變項分別進行內容分析, 頻率或百分比及概念類型為應變變因。 結果顯示:1. 四、五、六年級學生對於動物各種運 動、外表可見的構造與運動的關係認知上無差異,較低年級學生他們能提出的例子或說明理 由,不論在數量上或質量上均不比高年級低。 2. 有關生物特殊的生理及解剖的推理概念, 有較多迷思概念。3. 兒童只具有設計生物單功能、單構造的能力。4. 國小學生不同性別、 城鄉學校類型之兒童「生物構造與功能」的概念模式,彼此之間沒有證據顯示有差異。 |
英文摘要 | Accordance of biological structure and function in living things is a core concept in elementary science learning. The purposes of this study were to probe children's conceptions about (1) movements of animal, (2) human physiology such as digestive, circular, respiratory, nerve and cooperation, skeleton systems and animal interior organs, (3) to compare urban and suburban schools, ages, and gender didfferences on the conceptions of human physiology. Ther were 18 open-ended questions were developed and further divided into 6 subquestionnaires to ask 743 students in total, that is, there were 124 in average to answer a subquestionnaire. Half of the participants were male. Also, semi-constructed instrument was used as interviewing. Content anlaysis dealed with (1) models of children's conceptions, (2) differences between grades, genders and school districts. The results have indicatd that older children did not have advantage for attaining conceptions about biolobical structure and function. No evidence was obtained that school district or gender had significant differences. The children held many alternative conceptions about unseen biological structures and functions. It also showed that children lack of ability of designing a proper structure based on specific function. Suggestions were provided at the end of this report. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。