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題名 | 農水產廢棄物堆肥化之開發及應用(2)--瓜類育苗介質之研製及其理化性質=Composting and Utilization of Agricultural and Sea Organic Wastes(Ⅱ)--Manufacture of Seedling Media to Cucurbit and It's Physical-Chemical Properties |
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作者姓名(中文) | 蔡永□; | 書刊名 | 高雄區農業改良場研究彙報 |
卷期 | 8:1 1996.12[民85.12] |
頁次 | 頁43-54 |
分類號 | 434.231 |
關鍵詞 | 農水產廢棄物; 堆肥化; 育苗介質; 理化性質; Organic waste; Composting; Seedling medium; Median parameter; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 農水產廢棄物之利用,最佳的方式是製成堆肥再施入農地,或者進一步將堆肥調製成育苗介質,以提高堆肥利用率。本研究以調製育苗介質為主要目的,並探討介質的理化性質。首先,將農水產廢棄物製成四種堆肥;隨後,將各堆肥調製成不同粒徑大小,並與泥炭苔混合成育苗介質;最後進行介質混合比例、介質粒徑大小、介質施肥效果、及介質接種有益微生物等各項試驗,並調查瓜類幼苗生育情形。試驗結果顯示,堆肥配方愈簡單育苗效果愈佳。調製介質的粒徑大小,顯著影響介質品質,尤其充氣孔隙度,及有效含水量;在濕潤狀態下,介質粒徑3~2mm、2~0.6mm、0.6~0.25mm、0.25~0.1mm、及<0.1mm,其充氣孔隙度分別為67%、40%、28%、12%、4%,有效含水量為13%、28%、44%、56%、61%。由瓜類生長反應,經迴歸分析,顯示適當的粒徑大小為2.0~0.1mm,在濕潤狀態下,其氣相(充氣孔隙度)為17%、液相55%、有效含水量42%、總體密度為0.21g/ml、真比重為0.74g/ml、pH值中等,可符合理想介質的標準。調製介質的化學性質,以EC值較為重要,堆肥EC值介於4~11ms/cm之間,以泥炭苔混合調降至1.58ms/cm後,幼苗生育最佳,而作物間耐鹽性,洋香瓜>稜角絲瓜>嘉寶西瓜;對施肥反應,純泥炭苔有明顯施肥反應,而調製介質幾乎沒有反應,不宜再增施化學肥料。此外,調製介質具有生物性質,適合於接種有益微生物,明顯促進苗株生長,效果比純泥炭苔介質為佳。 |
英文摘要 | The best way to deal with organic wastes is composting it and returns to farmland. Compost can also be used as high quality seedling media by making some changes such as physical and chemical properties. The purposes of this experiment are to evaluate how the changes are made. Four composts, with one of them were ground into five particle sizes. Seedling media were made up of compost and peatmoss at different proportions. Cucurbit seedlings grown in the greenhouse were investigated. Resulted shown that air porosity and available water contents are significantly affected by particle sizes of the compost. The bigger particle sizes of the compost the higher air porosity, and the lower available water content. In wetting status, air porosity is 67%, 40%, 28%, 12%, 4% and available water content is 13%, 28%, 44%, 56%, 61% with respect to particle sizes of the compost 3~2mm, 2~0.6mm, 0.6~0.25mm, 0.25~0.1mm, and below 0.1mm. Seedling growths show that particle size 2~0.1mm is the best, its character's air porosity 17%, liquid phase 55%, available water content 42%, bulk density 0.21g/ml, specific gravity 0.74g/ml, mild pH is fit the criteria of idea media. The EC value and the ability of nutrients supply are important to the medium. EC values are significantly affected by organic materials, especially sea organic wastes that induce compost EC value 4~11ms/cm. In order to achieve better seedling performance, it is necessary to reduce EC value to 1.58ms/cm or lower by mixing compost with peatmoss. The sequences of salt tolerance for cucurbit seedling are muskmelon >luffa >watermelon. The abilities of nutrient supply are also significantly affected by composts. Peatmoss does have a good response for chemical fertilization than compost, so it is not important to apply fertilizer in the composted media. In addition, Composts mixed with peatmoss are more suitable to inoculate microorganism than media only contain peatmoss. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。