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題 名 | 臺灣稻米直鏈澱粉之理化性質與微細結構=Physicochemical Properties and Fine Structures of Rice Amyloses in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 黃瑞美; 曾仁佑; 呂政義; | 書刊名 | 食品科學 |
卷 期 | 25:2 1998.04[民87.04] |
頁 次 | 頁210-221 |
分類號 | 463.36 |
關鍵詞 | 米澱粉; 劃分; 理化性質; 微細結構; Starch; Fractionation; Physicochmical properties; Fine structure; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究主要探討臺灣稻米直鏈澱粉之微細結構。選用四種秈米(臺中秈17號、臺中在來1號、臺中秈10號與臺秈1號)及三種?米(臺農70號、臺中189號與臺?9號),先分離純化澱粉與直鏈澱粉,並以Toyopearl HW-75F膠濾層析圖,鑑定直鏈澱粉之純度;再將其劃分,分別探討其微細結構。結果發現米澱粉之溶析曲線,可分為大分子區之支鏈澱粉與小分子區之直鏈澱粉;各米種由小分子區所佔整體比例,計算出之直鏈澱粉含量,雖低於之視直鏈澱粉含量(apparent amylase content);但與實際直鏈澱粉含量(actual amylase content)卻相近,故此法可用於評估實際直鏈澱粉含量。 粗直鏈澱粉經五次再結晶即可純化。分析各米種直鏈澱粉之理化性質與微細結構,結果藍價為1.04-1.07,碘親和力為18.97-20.01%,最大吸收波長為628-635nm,平均聚合度分佈在987-1225個無水葡萄糖基(anhydro-glucose unit, a.g.u.);平均鏈長介於248-402 a.g.u.,平均分支數2.9-4.5條,分支所佔比例4.95-6.96%,平均分支鏈長17.3-20.9 a.g.u.,米種間差異不大。此外,平均聚合度之最大值,以硬秈TCS17之14800 a.g.u.最大。直鏈澱粉平均鏈長較長者,分支數與分支比例均較少,分支鏈卻較長。 |
英文摘要 | The fine structures of rice amyloses, including four indica (TCN1, TCS17, TCS10 and TS1) and three japonica (Tnu70, TC189 and TG9) varieties, were investigated. The molecular size distributions of the starches and amyloses were analyzed by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The fine structures of the amyloses and amylase subfractions were examined. The results indicated that GPC with Toyopearl HW-75F gel gave better resolution for the fractionation of rice starch into amylase and amylopectin compared with HW-65F. The amylase content calculated from the ratio of corresponding peaks on the chromatogram was lower than the apparent amylase content, but was very close to the actual amylase content. The blue values, iodine affinity and λmax of the amyloses were 1.04-1.07, 18.97-20.01% and 628-635nm, respectively. The amylase had a number-average DP of 987-1225 anhydro-glucose unit (a.g.u.), an average chain-length of 248-402 a.g.u., an average number of branches of 2.9-4.5, a branch ratio of 4.95-6.96%, and an average DPn of branches of 17.3-20.9 a.g.u. The maximum DP of TCS17 was as high as 14800 a.g.u. No significant differences wer detected among the rice amyloses examined. However, the amylase with high DPn, generally had a low average number of branches and a lower branch ratio, and a high DPn of branches. |
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