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題 名 | Influence of Aquifer Biogeochemical Distribution on BTEX Biodegradation under Aerobic/Anaerobic Conditions=地下水中的異質性對BTEX生物分解的影響 |
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作 者 | 高志明; | 書刊名 | 中國環境工程學刊 |
卷 期 | 9:3 1999.09[民88.09] |
頁 次 | 頁187-197 |
分類號 | 445.259 |
關鍵詞 | 地下水污染; 鐵還原反應; 異質性; Groundwater contamination; Iron reduction; Heterogeneity; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 批次分解及現地管柱實驗常被應用來分析污染物的分解速率。然而地下水中微生物和地質方面的變異極可能使分解速率的估算產生誤差,進而影響到對整個整治方法的評估。本研究乃針對此一問題,以一個油污染的場址來探討地下水中的變異性對污染物生物分解的影響。我們在這個污染的含水層中(1)採集了4個土壤樣品[0.9-m(L)x5.1-cm(I.D.)]來分析其在橫向(>30m)上的變異性;(2)以一個無擾動的土壤樣品[1.5-m(L)x12.7-cm(I.D.)]來分析縱向(>7.6cm)上的變異;(3)在場址中裝置了兩個多點採樣井以瞭解污染物濃度及指標參數在地下水中橫向(10m)及縱向(0.3m)之變化情形。分析結果顯示(1)透水性較高的土質含有較高的微生物活性;(2)黏土成分影響到鐵細菌對三價鐵的利用率;(3)污染團之上下層是進行有氧分解反應,而中層則是以鐵還原反應為主。研究結果顯示微生物及地質上的參數在地下水中有明顯的差異。而這些差異直接影響到污染物的分解速率。因此若使用擾動之土樣或是樣品的代表性不夠,均會造成對污染物之傳輸及宿命的錯誤評估。 |
英文摘要 | Currently, laboratory microcosms and in situ column techniques are applied for contaminant biodegradation rate measurements. However, the small-scale heterogeneity reduces the applicability of these techniques. In this study, a jet fuel spill site was selected to examine the effects of subsurface heterogeneities on hydrocarbon biodegradation via the iron-reducing process. At this site, two multilevel samplers were installed to delineate the lateral (10m) and vertical (0.3m) distribution of contaminant concentrations and indicating parameters. Four 5.1-cm (I.D.) continuous soil cores [from 3.3 to 4.2 m below land surface (bls)] were collected within the plume to evaluate the horizontal distribution (>30m) of the microbial activity in the solid phase. High bacterial activity occurred in the collected soil cores based on the observed (1) complete benzaldehyde degradation, and (2) high microbial biomass (total anaerobes>10�壢ells/g of sediment, and iron reducers>10�攘ells/g of sediment). An undisturbed 1.5-m(L)x12.7-cm(I.D.) sediment core located in the iron-reducing zone(2.8 to 4.3m bls) between two MLSs was collected to further distinguish the heterogeneity effects on a vertical scale (7.6-cm intervals). The core was cut into 12 of 7.6-cm sections, and each section was used for sediment extractions, microbial enumeration, grain size distribution, and iron-reducing microcosm study (C-toluene degradation test). Results show that those sections with more permeable sediment materials corresponded with higher biomass (total anaerobes>1x10 cells/g of sediment, and iron reducers>2x10�惡ells/g of sediment) and significant toluene degradation. However, those sections with less permeable sediments contained lower microbial population and had no significant toluene degradation. Iron extraction results indicate that most of the iron was bound to soil materials, and was not easily extracted using a low concentration (0.5N) of HC1. This suggests that most Fe(Ⅲ) within the sediments may not be available for iron-reducting bacteria. Results from this study indicate that (1) active microorganisms are distributed in a discontinuous manner in some subsurface sediments, with relatively large regions devoid of microbial activity; and (2) spatial distribution of microorganisms, soil materials, geochemistry, and bioavailable iron in the subsurface sediments control the extent and kinetics of contaminant biodegradation. Therefore, utilizing blended aquifer materials for measurement of in situ biodegradatino rates may not achieve representative results. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。