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題 名 | 農水產廢棄物堆肥化之開發及應用(1)--培養土調製與洋香瓜連作之效應 |
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作 者 | 蔡永烟; 施純堅; | 書刊名 | 高雄區農業改良場研究彙報 |
卷 期 | 6:2 1995.06[民84.06] |
頁 次 | 頁10-22 |
分類號 | 434.231 |
關鍵詞 | 海產廢棄物; 培養土; 堆肥化; 洋香瓜; 連作; Sea organic wastes; Soil media; Composting; Muskmelon; Continuous cropping; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 溫室洋香瓜係澎湖特產之一,質細多汁,深受消費者喜愛。但因經常栽培,連作問題叢生,極待解決。本試驗先以自製的培養土,在高床式溫室內,連續種植洋香瓜,以獲得連作土,隨後將連作土與農漁廢棄物再次混合,經堆肥化處理,以期能消除連作障礙。試驗結果顯示,洋香瓜經連續種植六作後,證實有嚴重的連作問題。最明顯的症狀是單葉面積減低,果實變小,缺株率逐漸增加。香蘭品種於第二作起,陸續於幼果期出現萎凋,數天內全株乾枯,造成缺株;植株高壯的Andes品種,無缺株情形,但有嚴重的裂果率。 若將連作土再次堆肥化,利用再製的培養土,種植洋香瓜,可以顯著降低連作的受害率,葉片面積亦可大幅回升,其效果不遜於蒸氣消毒或藥劑消毒。培養土製作時土壤用量愈多,醱酵溫度與養分含量愈低。 有機材料與土壤以1:1比例調製培養土時,養分有過剩現象,洋香瓜葉片雖大,但葉色太濃綠,果實反而變小。蝦殼培養土,連作的缺株率最低,平均的葉片面積與果實糖度最高。漁粕培養土含氮量最高,葉片中的葉綠素含量最高,但果實品質不佳。海藻培養土有效鉀含量最高,生育最快,株高、葉片數、單果重等性狀,亦居各處理之冠,但果實糖度卻偏低。 |
英文摘要 | Muskmelon, one of the important economic crop at Penghu, is acceptable by consumer because of its rich juice, fine texture, and special taste of the fruit. However, owing to continuous planting of the same crop, some problems occurred. For solving these problems, two expriments have been conducted. First, soil media were prepared from four combinations of non-sea wastes, fish powder, shrimp shell, and seaweed. Each combination consisted of organic wastes, including peanut hull, rice bran, bone powder, bean cake, and chicken manure, and soils in the proportion of 1:1. These materials accumulated outdoor for about 6 weeks, with spraying fresh water and turnover at a period of about 1 week. Muskmelon under greenhouse were planted for 6 continuous crops to all soil media. Second, soils which had been grown muskmelon for 6 continuous crops were composted again with the wastes of sea food processing in the same way as first step. Results showed that leaf area gradually reduced with continuous planting, and the best fruit quality was achieved for first crop. Variety of Sunrise showed wilting within several days in the period of fruit setting after 2 continuous crop, however, variety of Andes did not show wilting instead of split fruit. Medium with fish powder, although having the highest leaf N content for the first three crops, could not help fruit quality. Medium with sea-weed indeed increasing fruit weight, however, fruit soluble solid content was low. Medium with shrimp shell had the best result in term of resisting to continuous cropping problems and owned the best growing character of leaf area which induced the highest fruit soluble solid content. Soil medium composted again showed good net performance to the growth and fruit quality. However, it should be noticed that medium composted again left large amount of nutrients which might inhibit the performance of fruit setting. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。