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題 名 | 王船山華夷思想 |
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作 者 | 吳彰裕; | 書刊名 | 空大行政學報 |
卷 期 | 4 1995.11[民84.11] |
頁 次 | 頁77-93 |
分類號 | 127.1 |
關鍵詞 | 華夷之辨; 王道; 內應; 夷狄; 尊王攘夷; Nationalism; Justice sovereignty; Enemy's agent within; Barbarians; Honor the king and drive off the barbarians; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 民族主義對西方近代思想而言,是一項種族主義加上國家主義;對傳統中固而言,則為文化上的華夷之別,因中國大一統時間較長,五主張川度變英,凡夷狄入華夏則華夏之,即使夷狄入主中原,只要能循行華夏之禮義教化,皆可人於正統。不過到了滿清入主中國之際,明代遺老對華夷之辨,不再單純抱持文化的觀點,其中尤以王船由約觀點最迥異於前代。王船山以禮義之有無,種族血緣,地理環境為標準區別華夷,推論出夷狄所受華化深淺而有等差,並主張華夷之間,應如獸處禽棲,居於所自適之環境,自分珍域,互不侵擾,更不能雜居內她,引狼入室;凡華裔世冑,應以嚴防夷狄入侵為第一要務。王船由約華夷思想,因身受亡國之痛,及根源於史實之探討,雞免有極端權族主義之論,故認為夷狄之行止與禽獸無異,滿族不必八七體相待,甚至主張誘捕而誅之,多殺而不傷吾仁,同時他也八五胡及遼、金、元為例,斷定夷狄不可久居中國,否則一旦華化已深,而失去其塞外馳射控弦之氣魄,漢族反抗於內,而新興夷狄乘虛入居其根據地,必致進退失所以覆亡,以警告夷狄雖強,猶不可有窺伺中原之野心。 |
英文摘要 | The "nationalism" is based on racialism and state-building in modern western thoughts. However, in traditional Chinese veiw, it was used only to discrimate theHan-nation from the barbarian tribes who had less mature literature and education. Since the Chin dynasty, Chinese ruling elites advocated that all barbarian tribesnot only were assimilated, but learned and identied Chinese culture. If barbariantribes can accept and intemalize Chinese culture, the Chinese people will look themas the same people, even governed by the barbarian tribe. But this orthodox viewwas challenged seriously by Wang Chwan-Shan in early Ching dynasty. Wang Chwan-Shan proposed three indices to judge the Chinese or the barbarian as the following: ethics (especially moral and justice), race, and geography. The Chinese should live in areas different from the barbarian tribes, and do'nt be marriaged withthem. It was the natural duty to excel the barbarians. Wang approached the nationalism from historical perspective. He was an intelligent of Ming dynasty conquered and succeeded by Ching dynasty, and this historical event influenced his thoughts to be more extreme. He saied that the Chinese moral standards were not necessary to the barbarians, and the Chinese could use any means to vanish them. The cases of Liau, King, and Yen dynasties were the urgent proofs. As soon as the barbarian invaded the China, they slowly became strange to their original life type, got weak day after day, and finally lost struggle power. More worsely, the invading barbarian were as similated into the Chinese people. Then, the other barbarian got good opportunities to develop a super force to occupy the formerly invading barbarian's original lands. On conclusion, Wang argued the barbarian tribes should not invade into the China if they wanted to keep their ownlife type. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。