查詢結果分析
來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | A Comparison of Structural Functionalism and Exchange Theory=結構功能理論與交換理論之比較 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 王天佑; | 書刊名 | 社會文化學報 |
| 卷 期 | 2 1995.05[民84.05] |
| 頁 次 | 頁293-305 |
| 分類號 | 540.24 |
| 關鍵詞 | 結構功能論; 交換論; 比較; 社會理論; |
| 語 文 | 英文(English) |
| 中文摘要 | 在當代社會學理論中,結構功能論是一種以解釋社會體系之功能為中心之理論,強調社會體系內單位之相互依賴性及體系之整合與均衡,而交換論則將社會互動視為交換性質之互動,從利益與酬賞的觀點來剖析人與人之間互動關係的進行。從分析層次看,結構功能論被視為鉅視結構理論,而交換論則被認定為微視個人理論。就意識形態上看,結構功能論屬於保守主義理論,而交換論屬於較激進理論。本文嘗試從人類行為、社會本質、社會秩序、權力結構及社會行動等面向分析比較結構功能論與交換論的相異論點,期能對當代社會理論概念有更深一層認識。 |
| 英文摘要 | Functionalism's tradition (Parsons 1949, 1951; Merton 1968) can be traced back to the founders of sociology, Auguste Comte, through Herbert Spencer and Emile Durkheim. Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown, two distinguished anthropologists, built on Durkheim's theories and, in turn, influenced the American Sociologist Talcott Parsons, Robert K. Merton, Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E.Moore (Tunner & Maryanski 1979). The functionalists analyze social phenomena in terms of their functions or consequences for other parts of society or for society as a whole. In functionalism, society is conceived of as a system of interrelated parts. A change in any part creates a certain imbalance, which leads to changes in other parts of the system, and eventually to the reorganization of the entire system (Theodorson & Theodorson 1969). Functionalism emphasizes the following points: i) social system are composed of subparts; ii) these subparts are interrelated in complex ways: iii) these subparts and their interrelations can be viewed as meeting certain survival needs; and iv) the function of a subparts in meeting the needs of other parts and the larger social whole (Turner 1986; Ritzer 1992). There is one significant proposition of functionalism (Wallace & Wolf 1991) that there will always be some such reorganization and tendency to restore equilibrium in whole social system. In order to analyze how social systems maintain and restore equilibrium, functionalist tends to use shared values and norms as a major concept. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。