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| 題 名 | A Paradigmatic Shift in Science Education: from Piaget's Theory to Neo-Piagetian Theory=典範的變遷:新皮亞傑理論與科教研究 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 蘇育任; | 書刊名 | 臺中師院學報 |
| 卷 期 | 8 1994.06[民83.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁473-492 |
| 分類號 | 521.12 |
| 關鍵詞 | 研究; 科教; 新皮亞傑理論; |
| 語 文 | 英文(English) |
| 中文摘要 | 三十多年以來,皮亞傑的認知發展理論一直是科學教育上最重要的研究典範,對學校教育的實施貢獻厥偉,尤其在課程改革、教學內涵以及配合學生認知發展階段的教學法等方面,更是影響深遠。但皮亞傑理論並非毫無瑕疵,其基本概念中的「發展階段」與研究方法,不斷遭受各方學者的質疑與批評。 皮亞傑理論的缺失,促使Pascual-Leone、Smith與Case等學者,致力研究改進,他們提出「基模」(Scheme)「或思考單元」作為理論基礎,用來表徵個體的經驗,描述個體的行為。這種研究取向逐漸盛行,蔚成風氣,被稱為「新皮亞傑理論」,強調認知的功能與學習者思考歷程之分析,被公認為科教研究的一個新典範,實在值得加以研究。 本文分成三部份,首先回顧皮亞傑理論的精髓,並評論其貢獻與缺失;其次說明新皮亞傑理論發展的經過與理論要旨;最後則探討新皮亞傑理論對科學教育的涵義。 |
| 英文摘要 | Over the past three decades, Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been the most dominant paradigm in science education. It has exerted great influence in many aspects of school science such as curriculum innovations, teaching Piagetian tasks as subject matter and matching instruction to children's developmental stages. In general, principles which derived from Piaget's theory and which may help educational procedures are constructive learning, concrete representation, social feedback and clinical teacher-pupil interaction. In spite of its wide application and influence in science education, Piaget's theory has been criticized continuously for the basic notion of stage and its research methodology. The weakness of Piaget's theory led to a number of attempts to make it functional not just as structural as it is. Such alternative approach is called Neo-Piagetian theory, proposed by Pascual-Leone, Smith and Case …etc. The basic notion of this theory is a "scheme" or unit of thought which represents experience and produces behaviour. According to their functions, schemes can be classified as figurative, operative and executive. A large amount of empirical findings has been gathered by Neo-Piagetian researchers to show that children's cognitive learning may be profoundly affected by memory limitations, by the social demand characteristics of the situation or by the precise linguistic form in which a question is posed. These factors are now seen to be at least as important in understanding children's cognition and its development as the logical constraints emphasized by Piaget. This new emphasis on function in developmental psychology has opened the way to information-processing analyses of children's thought that are easier to relate to adult models. In conclusion, the Neo-Piagetian theory is relevant to the competencies of Piaget by its formal aspect and has the power of prediction by its functional aspect. It seems to bridge the gap between development and learning theories since it provides both perspectives within one framework and it makes precise predictions possible. Indeed, the Neo-Piagetian approach has been acknowledged as probably the major impact on research in science education and therefore it needs to be heeded for its educational implications since it underlies that the complexity of a task and the limitation of a processing capacity can have a crucial effect when we deal with teaching material and problem solving taks. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。