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題 名 | The Growth and Decline of Chinese Philosophical Genius=中國哲學天才之盛衰 |
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作 者 | 郭有遹; | 書刊名 | 中華心理學刊 |
卷 期 | 28:2 1986.12[民75.12] |
頁 次 | 頁81-91 |
分類號 | 170.1 |
關鍵詞 | 中國; 哲學天才; 生長期; 衰弱期; 環境因素; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 美國人類學家克勞伯(Kroeber)曾經根據西人所寫的中國史而列出一份中國天才名單。其後有些心理學家根據這份名單而研究一些環境因素對於天才盛衰的影響。他們對於克氏名單的代表性則從無疑問。筆者發現克氏之名單中有不少人並非天才。以哲學家來說,讓名單居然包括了法顯與義淨等赴印取經之士。他們不但不是天才,而且也非哲學家。為了探討中國之哲學天才有多少生長期與衰落期,筆者從十六本各種思想史中獲取人名。凡是有二本對某人之創作有讚語,或其中有一本將某位稱之為一派之首者,便取之作為評量之對象。評量之工具為「中國創造者評分量表」。這一量表所評量之項目為創造力、影響力、多才多藝與技巧等四項。評量之結果轉換成標準分數(T-Score)之後 ,再以正負一標準差將全組之人數分成三級:第一流、第二流與第三流。最後用第一流天才來劃分天才之生長期與衰落期。本研究所發現之生長期多跨越朝代,與克氏以朝代來分的略有不同。結果發現天才之生長期多為時代之盛世或治世,在這些時代中,朝廷對哲學相當重視,也給予思想家較多的自由。此一發現支持了人文主義的創造心理學說。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this study was to delineate the growth and decline periods of Chinese philosophical genius and to discuss important sociopolitical factors associated with the growth and decline. Any thinker whose creativity was praised by any two authors, or who was introduced as a leader of a particular school of thought by any author, of the 16 Chinese history books on philosophy, was included as subject for further evaluation. The Chinese Creator Rating Scale was employed to rate the subjects in terms of creativity, influence, versatility, and skill. Raw scores were transformed into T-score. The range of scores was divided intothree classes, using ± 1.00 SD as cutting points. Only the first rated geniuses were used to delineate the growth and decline periods. Multivariate and univariate tests, and the Newman Keuls procedure were employed to compare the mean differences among dynasties on dependent variables. It was found that most of the first rated thinkers in China appeared in the desirable periods characterized by prosperity, freedom of speech, and high value for philosophy. Implications to personality theories were also discussed. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。