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題 名 | 教師期望與師生交互作用: 一個國小教室的觀察 (摘要) |
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作 者 | 孫敏芝; | 書刊名 | 國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所集刊 |
卷 期 | 28 1986.06[民75.06] |
頁 次 | 頁443-458 |
分類號 | 521.12 |
關鍵詞 | 交互作用; 師生; 國小; 教室; 教師; 期望; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
英文摘要 | The study aims (1) to examine whether the teacher behave in different ways towards various students (2) explore the various students' attitude toward the teacher and interaction patterns between students, The participants of this study was one teacher and her 63 students in the first year of elementary school in Ping-Tung. Data were collected by means of fourth weekly three hours observations during the second semester of school year in 1985. The main approach of this study was the use of ethnographic techinques. It's process was divided into a ceries of steps: entry and establishment of researcher role; data collection; and analysis of data. The main findings of the study were as follows: A. Teacher's attitudes and perceptions toward students 1. Arrangement of seat: The arrangement of seats in classroom is by the height of students at begining of school year, and gradually. The teacher assign the low-expectation students seats beside high-expectation students. Because the highs will monitor the lows. On the other hand, could achieve class control in this way. 2. Students floor: When teacher offers an opportunity for a competitive or collective response, the winners of such collective or competitive opportunities were rarely lows. But in the examinatorial response, the lows get more opportunities to response. 3. Distribution of rewards: Because of high achievement and docile behavior, high expectation students get more praise and less punishment from teacher. The teacher criticizes lows more frequently fro incorrect responses and praising lows less frequently for successful performance when the lows and highs break the rule simultaneously, the lows get more punishments. 4. The level of teacher's expectation: The teacher understimate lows' learning ability and paying more attention to highs' need in teaching process. 5. Giveing the porver: The teacher believes that high-expected student have better ability to do things. Some of them take charge of affairs of classroom. 6. Teacher perceptions of students: The teacher saw high-expectation students as "cleaver", "concentrating their mind on wrok", "having good learning habits"; by contract, teacher described the low-expectation student as "dividing attention to another matter easily", "untidy" , "writing not tightly composed" etc. B. Students' perceptions and attitudes toward teacher High-expectation students knew teach like them, and they are closed to teacher; lows perceived that teacher didn't like them and they dare not closed to teacher. C. Interactions between students Highs tend to make friends with someone whose achievement is similiar to them, especially the female students who have high achievement. In view of the finding mentioned above, some suggestions are made as follows: 1. Teachers should establish positive beliefs toward teaching and children. 2. Teachers should perform proper teaching attitudes and create good class﹒room climate 3. Teachers should avoid forming inaccurate expectations and reassess expectations periodically. 4. Teachers should reward the effort and initiation of low-expectation students and help students to establish harmonious peer relationships. 5. Enforcing the training of elementary student teachers, and enrich the content of teacher education. 6. Teacher education courses and inservice programs should sensitize teachers to the potent dynamics of teacher expectation, and practice hidden curriculumn to assist teachers improve their teaching attitudes in relation to their classroom interactions with students. 7. The curriculum and subject matter of elementary school should be reorganized properly, and student number of class should be limited strictly, so as to reduce the work of teachers. 8. Encouraging more researchers enter the classroom to understand what's really going on in classroom. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。