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題名 | 水稻同位酵素之遺傳學研究(2):由同位酵素看栽培稻之分類與地理分佈 |
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作者 | 傅蓬燕; 白鏹; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 107 1979.09[民68.09] |
頁次 | 頁1-16 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 同位酵素; 栽培稻; 遺傳學; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究係利用澱粉膠體電泳法,分析逢機選自世界各地區973個栽培稻品種之葉片,葉鞘和內外三器官的過氧化?和酸性磷酸?之酵素圖和基因之地理分布,並調查同位酵素與穀粒苯醇反應和長寬比之關係,而由同位酵素之觀點,探討栽培稻?型和秈型之分類問題,以及地理分布之情形。其結果如下: (一)比較台灣和日本二地區栽培稻之酸性磷酸?之關係時,發現?型與Acp1?型,秈型與Acp1??型有高度之相關關係。由Px2基因座所控制之過氧化?4C與酸性磷酸?有相同之趨勢,??型與「-」、「- -」型,秈型與「+」、「+ +」型有密切之相關,惟因有中間型之存在,故其關係不如酸性磷酸?明顯。 (二)觀察酸性磷酸?(Acp1?及Acp1??型)、過氧化?(4C型)及苯醇反應三性狀之關係時,經獨立性測驗結果,發現除來自少數地區(印度、美國)之稻品種外,三性狀之相關極高。 (三)比較酸性磷酸?Acp1?及Acp1??二型間穀粒長寬比時,發現來自印度、印尼、台灣、中國大陸和美國等地區之品種,皆以Acp1??型者大於Acp1?型之穀粒長寬比;菲律賓和日本二地區之品種,則二型間之差異不顯著。同型內之穀粒長寬比,在不同地區之品種群間亦有差異存在。就Acp1??型而言,印度、越南、印尼和菲律賓四地品種群間之差異不顯著;而台灣與中國大陸二地之品種群,其彼此間以及此二地區品種群與前述四地區品種群之間的差異,則均達顯著水準。再就Acp1?型而言,以美國地區品種之穀粒長寬比最大,菲律賓者次之,印尼和中國大陸、日本和台灣者又次之,韓國者最小;其間除印尼和中國大陸者間及日本和台灣者間之差異不顯著外,其他地區者間均有明顯之差異。 (四)Px12A相對基因普遍存在於各地區之品種中,Px1?C和Px1NU1則僅出現於少數地區品種中,且其頻度很低。此三複相對基因皆無地理連續性變異存在。 (五)酸性磷酸?之Acp1?基因及過氧化?4C之「-」、「- -」型,以高緯度之溫帶地區,而Acp1??型基因及「+」、「+ +」型則以低緯度之熱帶地區分布較廣,其分布情形有地理連續性變異存在。 (六)由本研究之結果證明,依據同位酵素基因型分類之品種群,與依據形態變異、生理反應、雜交不稔性等傳統分類法所得之品種群,有一致之傾向。因此,此一同位酵素基因型之分類性,對品種群之鑑別或生態型之分化或分類,乃一有效之方法。 |
英文摘要 | A world collection of 973 varieties were used in rice classification by isozyme analysis with starch-gel electrophoresis. Peroxidase and acid phosphatase from three organs of leaf blade, leaf sheath and lemma-palea were used to study their zymographic pattern and geographical distribution of gene frequencies. The relationships between isozymes and phenol reaction or grain length-width ratio, were used for the classification of indica and japonica rice. 1. The acid phosphatase bands Acp1? were found to be closely related with the japonica rice, and bands Acp1?? with indica rice. The peroxidase band 4C "-" and "- -" types seems to be related with the japonica rice while 4C "+" and " + +" types with indica rice, but not clearly because of the appearance of an intermediate type band. 2. After a test of independence, it was found that acid phosphatase bands (Acp1?and Acp1??) and peroxidase band 4C were closely related with phenol reaction on lemma and palea in the majority of the varieties studied, with the exception of the varieties from India and America. 3. The varieties carrying Acp1?? allele have a larger grain length-width ratio than those carrying Acp1? allele among the varieteis from India, Indonesia, Taiwan, China Mainland and America but no differences were observed among the varieties from Philippines adn Japan. There were some differences within the same type, and the result showed that the grain length-width ratio of the Acp1?? varieties differed not significantly among varieties from India, Vietnam, Indonesia and Philippines, however, significant differences were observed among varieties from Taiwan and China Mainland, and between varieties from these two areas and those from the four areas mentioned above. Within the Acp1? type, the varieties from America had the largest grain length-width ratio, followed by the varieties from Philippines, Indonesia, China Mainland, Japan, Taiwan and Korea. A significant difference in grain length-width raito between varietal groups was observed except that between Indonesian and China Mainland groups and also between Japanese and Taiwanese groups. 4. The majority of varieties studied carry the allele for peroxidase band Px12A, while only a few varieties carry alleles Px1?C and Px1NU1 with a low frequency. No geographical cline was observed for these three multiple alleles. 5. The varieties carrying acid phosphatase Acp1? and peroxidase 4C "-" and "- -" types of bands distributed mostly in higher latitude of temperate zone, while the varieties carrying Acp1?? and "+" and " + +" types of bands were distributed mostly in lower latitude with geographical cline. 6. The result of rice classification by the isozyme technique are quite consistent with those obtained by the conventional way of classification which is based on plant morphology, physiology and hybrid sterility. It is therefore safe to say that the isozyme technique is not only useful to identify varietal and ecological groups of rice but also an efficient method for species classification. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。