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題名 | 水稻半矮性遺傳育種之研究--水稻莖稈組織解剖學與統計遺傳學之探討 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 顏吉甫; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 100 1977.12[民66.12] |
頁次 | 頁60-77 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 半矮性; 育種; 統計; 組織; 莖稈; 解剖學; 遺傳; 遺傳學; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究係在莖稈組織外部型態高矮明顯對比下,藉著解剖學及統計遺傳學之運用,期使明瞭莖稈組織外部型態之遺傳行為,及稈壁組織結構之特徵,其結果: 1. 水稻莖稈組織基部節間長度與稈長之關係,誘變半矮生稻品種較正常高生稻密切。而穗長與株高間,在三種形態的稻種均未呈顯著關係。因此,矮化株高並不影響穗長。 2. 經由節間長度比分析顯示,不論正常高生稻或半矮生稻,莖稈組織下位節節間長度比受環境變異影響,大於上位節。誘變半矮生稻具In1與In2節間長度比和甚長,而In5 者甚短之特徵,殊異於正常高生稻。 3. 依組織解剖觀察顯示,正常高生稻與半矮生稻In5節間稈壁組織明顯迥異處,後者稈壁組織厚度增大,又當其外徑大時,轉動慣量變大,逐有利增強其倒伏抵抗性。稈壁組織中,柔膜組織細胞變小,並作緊密排列,又靠近表皮之小維管束,排列方式顯示趨向髓腔而崁塞於兩通氣組織間,促使通氣組織狹縮變小。此現象,?為誘變半矮生稻品種中,In5節間長度甚短之臺南5號M及Century Patna 231M 之稈壁組織特徵。同時,其維管束鞘細胞壁木質化,並與鄰近起高度木質化之厚膜組織密接,形成厚膜組織細胞帶。 4. 株高、稈長及In5節間長度數量性狀,在秈、?稻各雜交組合顯示,沒有正反交配差異。該等性狀之顯性作用均為高親(長稈品種)所控制,支配其遺傳行為的遺傳因子數目之差異至少為一對。 5. 各雜交組合三數量性狀之遺傳率大小比較,以In5節間長度較小。秈或?稻之株高、稈長以及秈稻In5節間長度數量性狀之遺傳行為,係以累加性遺傳效果為主。 |
英文摘要 | The exploration of the genetic direction and the histological features of culm in rice plants was undertaken at the significant difference in the morphological culm tissues. The technical anatomy and biometrical genetics were used in this study. The experimental results may be summarized as follows: 1. The relationship between the culm length and the basal internode length of plant is more significant for the semi-dwarf mutant rice than for the normal rice. Data exhibited that there was non-significance for the correlation between plant height and panicle length in three types of culture rice. 2. A relative internode length of normal rice nad semi-dwarf rice has shown that it is higher in the lower part than the upper part in culm due to environmental effects. The specific feature of the relative internode length which was relatively larger in the sum of In1 and In2 for the semi-dwarf mutant rice shows difference as comparing with normal rice of which the In 5 part of culm is very short. 3. According ot anatomical observation, there is a significant difference between the normal rice and the semi-dwarf rice in the wall tissue of In5 internode. It was observed the latter has a larger culm diameter and a larger wall thickness so that lodging resistance is increased. The wall tissue of that the parenchyma cells of Tainan 5 M and Century Patna 231 M are found they are smaller and more closely packed. The small vascular bundles squeeze strongly that the arenchyma becomes narrower. Also, its vascular bundle sheath cells lignifies and closely connected with the nearby parenchyma cells which are highly lignified. A lignified sclerenchyma cell layer is formed. 4. The data showed that japonica and indica type rice showed no difference in reciprocal cross of three quantitative characters for plant height, culm and In5 internode length. The dominance effect of all these characters were controlled by the tall culm, and gene number which controlls by inheritance was found at least a single pair. 5. The setimated heritability was found that In5 had smaller value among three quantitative characters for each cross combination. The additive inheritance was important in determining all the traits except for In5 internode length at cross of Tainan 5 and its semi-dwarf mutant in this study. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。