頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 黑小麥種間雜交複變值分析及統計遺傳學之研究 |
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作者 | 陳成; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 92 1975.12[民64.12] |
頁次 | 頁1-23 |
關鍵詞 | 分析; 統計遺傳學; 黑小麥; 種間雜交; 複變值; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 黑小麥(Triticale)為小麥與黑麥之雜種。兩次級型黑小麥6TA-204 與Arm.1524分別來自JFR 及CIMMYT 予以分別正反交配,繁殖F2個體及F3系統,利用統計遺傳學原理及複變值分析理論,探討次級型黑小麥種間雜交後裔世代各營養與結實性狀間之變方、變積之統計分析,以提供黑小麥育種及選種工作之新途徑。 依孟氏遺傳法則,在分離世代個體間,連續變異之數量性狀可依適當的試驗設計,將此變異劃分為可固定之遺傳累加效應成分,及不可固定之遺傳顯性及上位效應及環境效應成分。依MATHER (1971)方法可將此遺傳變異劃分為累加(D)、顯性(H)、及環境(E1、E2)變方。11種調查性狀分別為營養、結實、細胞、質量及數量性狀等;各單性狀依原始尺度資料分析,田間設計以單向分類變方分析,各均方劃分變異原因,累加性及顯性變方成分由分離世代(F2, F3)估算,遺傳力之估算採用廣義遺傳力之變方分析法及狹義遺傳力之親裔?歸法。試驗結果揭示,黑小麥一般農藝性狀之遺傳非累加性效應大於遺傳累加性效應,所低估之狹義遺傳力歸因於染色體減數分裂異常,遺傳內在不穩定及F2親代變異及樣本太少導致機差太大所致。 各性狀之表現型相關,在親本及分離世代中除頸毛性狀外,皆有顯著的相關存在;由相關係數分析顯示,正常花粉率、高株、有效分蘗及早熟等性狀,對於結實率及子實充實發育有選種增進表現。F2分離世代中不同頸毛著生遺傳型,對於其他各性狀間之相互作用不同,此顯示小麥與黑麥第5對稍似性染色體間之取代(置換)傳遞有關。 複變值分析(MANOVA)是利用加州大學電腦中心之BMD 02R 電腦程式分析,結果顯示:黑小麥產量構成主要因素在結實率,而品質改良在於子實重量,而兩主要性狀與其他農藝指示選種性狀間,因世代不同未臻一致,性狀間作用錯綜複雜,相互消長,為F2族?以選拔早熟及F3選拔高株有增進於結實率之提高及子實充實發育。 總結影響黑小麥結實及子實發育之因素,有核內染色體,核外細胞質及外在環境等因素,而表現於不同世代間及不同族?間皆錯綜複雜,唯有全部因素能人為控制方能明確定論,故此仍有待其他方面之探討。 |
英文摘要 | Triticale is a synthetical cereal grain obtained by combining the genomes of wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale). The most promising hexaploid triticales are socalled secondary types which have been obtained from intercrosses hexaploid with octoploid triticales or hexaploid wheats. The general purpose of developing triticale was to reunit in this new cereal the milling and baking qualities of wheat with the ability of rye to grow on poor and dry soils. Immediate application of triticale as a new cultivated cereal species in agriculture is low yeild by two main obstacles: low fertility and shrivelling of the grain endosperm. To overcome the problems and to improve triticales the breeding program in the studies would be messary to manipulate many genetically controlled factors and thereby overcome several formidable barriers. The main purpose of the studies to be reported here was to gain insights into the genetic behavior of characters and the correlation among characters in triticale populations in order that new methods can be applied for the selection and breeding of triticale. The overall objective was approached by multivariate and biometric methods of genetic analyses. Genetic components of variations were estimated from field studies on intertriticale hybrids, and multivariate statistical methods were used in attempts to utilize character relationships for selection and to establish the relative importance of different quantitative characters in triticale breeding and performance. Two hexaploid triticales, 6TA-204 from JFR and Armodillo-1524 from CIMMYT were used in these studies. The reciprocal cross combinations (6TA-204 ×Arm. 1524) of F1, F2 individuals and F3 families were established. Eleven of vegetative and reproductive characters were measured as follows: pollen stainability, plant height, fertile tillers, heading date, number of spikelets per spike, number of kernels per spike, number of kernels per spikelet, selfing fertility, kernel weight hairy-neck. The field experiments were conducted at Davis, California in 1972 and 1973. Oneway (nested) design was used in field data analysis. All original data were analyzed statistifically. The statistic estimated and the symbols used in this study are those employed by MATHER (1971). The populations estimated were E1, E2 (envirommental), D (additive), H (dominace). Stepwise multiple regression analysis was accomplished with BMD 02R, a computer program developed at the University of California, Los Angeles and adapted to the Burroughs 6700 computer at the University of California, Davis. The parental materials were included in the study solely to separate the environmental variance portion apart from the genetic variance (in segregating generations). In parent materials showed most of the vegetative characters as more sensitive and respone for environmental changings. In F2 and F3 of segregating generations, most of the characters did not show significant differences of reciprocal cross effect. These variations of characters were mainly due to genetic variation. The results of scaling test among eleven characters were showed the existence of epistasis or large environmental influence or both in the F3. Estimations of heritability were calculated by the broad sense heritability estimated. The proportion of the phenotypic variance attributable to genetic component was from 7.6 to 100% for all characters and generation studies. The average of dominance estimated by (H/D)1/2 showed overdominance for all characters except fertile tillers. This study revealed the importance of non-additive gene effects for all agronomic characters in triticales. This means that heterosis observed in triticale is due to genic interaction and overdominance. Only two of seven characters had significant differences of reciprocal effect which calculated by offspring-parent regression analysis (bF3/F2). There are several possible reasons to explain why the F2 perfermance for all characters was not so closely related to that of the F3. The genotypic correlations agreed closely with the phenotypic correlations and were usually larger. Environmental correlations were conspicuous which reflect phenotypic plasticity, tend to reduce the corresponding genotypic correlation. Most of the characters were highly correlated each other in parent and segregating generations except hairy-neck character. There is no significant difference for the relationships of pollen stainability to six agronomic characters. There are three kinds of genotypes such as 2-dose (RR), 1-dose (RD) and 0-dose (DD), which depend on the hairy-neck chromosome of rye to substitute D-genome chromosome of wheat in hexaploid secondary triticales. According to multiple regression and significant tests among three genotypes, it was found that pollen stainability regression on plant height and heading date had signiflcant differences in homozyous RR than others, it is clearly that the different responsed among the quantitative characters were affected by different hairy-neck genotypes. Three characters: spike length, kernels per spiklet and selfing fertility were significant differences occurring in the same results of genotypic effect (RR-RD, RR-DD) but bot occur in (RD-DD). It was concluded that effect of substitute chromosome of rye should be done by pair of homologous chromosome. There are no different transmission rate in homozygous RR and DD but only 75% of relative transimission rate occur in hemizygous RD which was due to unpair chromosome during irregular meiosis. Multiple regression and significant tests of partial regression coefficients among characters were found that all dependent characters responed on their correlated indepedent characters were different and depended on their different generations. Significant differences of partial regression coeffecients of parents and F1 hybrids were phenotypic variation. This might be due to environment effect of heterogenity of genetic components. The results concluded that continuely selection in suceeding generations for parental characters were the same as the improvement of selection in F2 segregating generation. To select early maturity in F2, high plant (growth vigor) in F3 with improve seed set fertility and endosperm development in hexaploid triticale that conclusion was based on this experimental result. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。