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題 名 | 植物諸種生理作用與葉片之D. P. D.及土壤水分應力之關係研究 |
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作 者 | 陳清義; 張杏生; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 80 1972.12[民61.12] |
頁 次 | 頁26-41 |
關鍵詞 | 土壤水分; 生理作用; 植物; 葉片; 應力; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 就植物水分應力(Plant water stress)介入試驗條件下,以玉蜀黍、高粱、大豆、落花生及甘藷為材料,研究光合作用、氣孔開度及蒸散作用與土壤水分應力(Soil moisture stress)、植物水分應力之關係,獲得部分結果,茲摘要所得結果於下: (一)在自然光下以自動灌水裝置栽植之植物與在Growth chamber ?,以盆栽育成之作物,其葉片光合活性之高?,出現於50~60%(對容水量,以下均同),而此時葉片之D. P. D.約為1~1.5氣壓。 (二)土壤水分多寡對植株光合能力之影響情形有植物間差異,?落花生在高濕下受影響較著,玉蜀黍則在乾旱下受影響較著,而大豆受乾旱之影響不顯著,此可視為其特性。 (三)在大豆及玉蜀黍所得結果顯示光合作用與氣孔開度有密切關係,氣孔開度之減少,可視為影響光合作用的一重要因子。 (四)葉片開始形成澱粉的時間,與葉齡有密切關係,尤以甘藷為著。 (五)玉蜀黍之氣孔最活耀的土壤水分為50~60%,大豆則為40~50%,但兩者均與葉片光合能力最盛的土壤水分一致。 (六)以斷水方法,研究與玉蜀黍葉片之光合能力與植株之蒸散作用,隨著土壤水分之減少所發生之變化,獲知在斷水初期,土壤水分減少時,兩生理作用反而增加(圖18),並於土壤含水量65%時達到高?,此時葉片之D. P. D.在1.0~1.2氣壓範圍內,而兩生理作用減半期之土壤水分高於水分當量。 (七)土壤水分減至凋萎係數時,玉蜀黍之蒸散作用減為斷水前之20%,氣孔開度則減為10%,且將失去日變化現象。 (八)綜合本實驗結果,獲知光合作用、氣孔開度及蒸散作用,均在極低的水分應力下已開始受影響,此時葉片未有凋萎現象,此在灌水栽培上應加注意。 (九)所觀察的三生理作用中,似以氣孔開度對水分應力具較銳敏反應,適合作為決定灌溉的生理指標。 |
英文摘要 | By introducing the plant water stress as a factor nvolved in the experimental condition, the plant materials, including corn, kouliang, soy bean, peanut and sweet potato, are prepared to study the relations of photosynthesis, stomatal aperture and transpiration to plant water strees and soil moisture strees. The partial results obtained are summarized as follow: 1. Both the crops cultivated by the autoirrigation method and the potted plants kept in the growth chamber are investigated. The peak of the photosynthetic activity of their leaves appearred at the soil moisture about 50-60% (percent to maximum water holding capacity, used the same below). The D. P.D. of leaves is about 1-1.5 atm. at that time. 2. The more of less amount of soil moisture usually affects the photosynthetic capacity of the plants, but there is the differnces occurred among the crops, i.e. peanut is affected under the higher moisture condition and corn plant is affected by drought, however, drought effect on soy bean is not significant. This situation may be recognized as the characteristic of the plant itself. 3. The results obtained in soy bean and corn plants showed that there is a close relationship between the photosynthesis and stomatal aperture. The stomatal aperture decreasing may be recognized as a important factor which affects on photosynthesis. 4. There is a close relationship between the time beginning for starch formation in leaves and the leaf age, especially it is significant in sweet potato. 5. The soil moisture in which the stomata of corn plant are most active is 50-60% and that of soy bean is 40-50%. Both of them are the same to the soil moisture in which the leaves reached their maximum photosynthetic capacity. 6. By means of water shortage treatment to study the photosynthetic capacity of corn leaves and the transpiration of corn plants, the changes of these two physiological functions occurred are followed by the soil moisture decreasing. They are reversely increase as the soil moisture decreased at the privious stage of water shortage (fig. 18) and got a peak as the soil moisture is 65%. The D. P. D. of leaves is in the range from 1.0 to 1.2 atm. at that time. And the soil moisture at the stage of half the magnitude of two physiological functions is higher than the moisture equivalent. 7. As the soil moisture reached to the wilting coefficient, the transpiration of corn plant decrease to 20% of that prior to water shortage. But the stomatal aperture decreased to 10% and is going to lose its daily variations. 8. From the results of this experiment we got to know that photosynthesis, stomatal aperture and transpiration have started to be affected as the soil moisture stress is very low. At this time there is no leaf wilting appearred. One has to pay attention to this on the irrigated cultivation. 9. In the three physiological functions investigated, it seems to be that the stomatal aperture is more sensitive one to the soil moisture stress than others. And this is optimally used as the physiological indicator for the determination of irrigation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。